Applied Chemistry

2 Second Chemistry Question Trying to theoretically boil 1 L of water in a closed container at 90 degrees Celsius and using the correlating boiling pressure for water at this temperature. In order to find the size of the container I tried using the Ideal Gas Law with the following variables: V = solving for this. P = .697 atm n = 55.6 moles/liter R = .0821 (L*atm)/(mol*K) T = 363.15 K The result shows a volume of 2378.3 L needed to carry out this experiment. I believe I have made a mistake. Surely water could be boiled in a smaller vessel, right?

I've been thinking of a demo I want to do to show the distillation fo two volatile substances. I'd like to find a pair of volatile substances which have different boiling points, no azeotropes (or at least none which will cause any errors), and here's the tricky part: they have to be easy to spot the relative concentrations. So the idea is I'll have a mixture, it'll be obvious (perhaps by smell, colour or pH) that it's got both substances in it. I'll distil it for a while and it'll then be obvious that the new mixture is more concentrated in the more volatile substance. Ideally, the concentration of one substance would be fairly easy to quantify, at least on a r…

does any one know how to easly and cheaply remove the alcohol that they add to gasoline. i repeat, easly and cheaply. thanks jbu

I know liquids have a lower boiling point the lower the atmospheric pressure, but do they evaporate faster under lower pressure??

In rummaging through my shelves, I came across a bottle of pharmaceutical-grade sulphur, the label of which remarks that it was sublimated. That ticked my curiousity, so I went looking to see how you'd sublimate sulphur in commercial quantities. I came up empty on that, although I did learn that the sublimation process in question is from gaseous to solid phase. (I guess I subconsciously associated 'sublimation' with a solid->gaseous transition from the rather more common dry ice.) So.. Just how do they sublimate sulphur in large quantities? I presume its purity would be affected by contaminants on the condensing surface, and any in the sample that had phase…

this is my 2nd post and a question. u know the hard skin that forms on battery trminals. well i,m trying to dupicate that on cast lead bullets. i have been soaking them in new battery acid and it kinda works, but it's not as hard as the battery terminals. i would likw to speed up the process. maybe heat needed, differant acid?? in my research, some plateing companys use lead lined vats and the lead reacts with the acids and forms a skin and protects itself. i do a lot of target shooting and bullets are expensive, so i cast my own. i have 8 yrs pulp mill maintainance, clorine, caustic, clorates, and i make my own hot blueing salts from caustic soda and potasium nit…

hi all, i am new here. just need some practical help with something that is stumping me. I have a stock solution of Malachite Green Oxalate . i would like to be able to determine, or confirm the concentration of the solution. do any of you know an easy way for me to do this. ? btw , i am not a student etc. this needs to be a simple test i can do at home. cheers all Russell.

what's the lowest temperature smelting I can do and can it be done with a bunsen?

Can anyone help with a simple method for determining the water level in toluene in the field. This will be below the solubility limit of water in toluene, i.e. well under 0.5%? e.g. Is there a dip slide or an indicator solution? I'm trying to avoid instrumental techniques as it has to be carried out away from the lab. Thanks! David

(Reposted from Amateur Science > Equipment) Perhaps not the right forum, but.. I want to make a glass-tubing helix, which will fit inside another glass cylinder. The intent is to use it for cooling some exhaust fumes and gas, but also to learn how to do it. The only idea I have in my head so far is to put a wooden dowel of the correct inside diameter in my lathe, and spin it very slowly as I heat the tubing to malleability and wind it onto the rotating dowel. I'm thinking wood because I've seen it used by glassblowers, and I don't want to use something like steel that's so heat-conductive that the glass will cool too quickly before it's finished being bent…

Hello there community, I'm still a high school student, but I'm much into math, chemistry and physics, so I was wondering if someone could "illuminate" me in a problem. I'm needing H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) but it doesnt seems so easy to get, so I got the wonderful idea of producing it. I know that to make that oxoacid i would need H2O + SO3; my question is, how to make SO3? I suppose that if I burn sulfur (easy to get at the drugstore) it would end being something like these: S + O2 ---> SO2 But that still isn't what I need, someone knows if I can use a catalyst to get SO3? and which one? Any recommendations? Anyway, thanks for your time

I have been confused with this for a very long time and still havent found an answer to it...does the KNO3 make it easier for the sugar to burn ? I am not very sure... So can the pros here help me out?Thanks.. Another thing is that whether can I find another easily obtainable chemical in place of the KNO3? This is because KNO3 is very hard to get in my country(Singapore).. Yes there are alot of pharmacies here, but none of them sell chemicals at all...

The chemistry of pyrotechnics? I've always been interested in fire and fireworks as I know a lot of other people are, I think this is what actually sparked (HaHaHa, spark ignites explosives...) my interest in chemistry. I would also like to show through this thread that people are sensible with their knowledge and chemists is a bomb-crazed maniacs! So I was thinking about a thread related to pyrochemistry and let me state before we start this is not a thread related to the making of any explosive / pyrotechnic devices just a discussion on how they came to the recipes (Not actually positing them) and related subjects. I was thinking we could talk about: Wh…

Are the smallest particles quarks and leptons? (which make up a quark?) So are quarks and leptons the smallest particle known (observed)? Are there theories that support these particles are the smallest? It's been bugging me how there can be "the smallest particle." I think if we were to cut/crush/heat the particle enough it would be divided into subparticles.

I am trying to use sodium as energy carrier for an electric viechle. I use electricity from a windturbine to prodoce sodium. Then i react the sodium with water to produce hydrogin. This gives a bigger volumetric energy density than hydrogin. Can anybody comment on this.

i have used ferric chloride for copper pcb boards, and have left the solution to sit for almost a year.. i have noticed the seperation of some kind of solid, leaving a translucent green fluid.. after seperataing the liquid from solids, and leaving the fluid to sit again for a long time i noticed green "spike" crystals along with small octagon "Clear" crystals.. there were many other crystals in the "paste"... what could they all be?? i have a collection of some of them...

I have found loads of recipes to grow crystals to help me out in my study on crystal but one I couldn't find is citric acid crystals, can this be done? Citric acid is just a sour sugar so would do it like I would sugar crystals? If so those would taste good, sour crystals yum. I love rock candy but making it sour would be even better. And what other acid powders could grow crystals? And off topic I have a chemistry set that is 50 years old, should I not use those chemicals for anything or do they not expire?

Ok, I made the post about the possibility of growing a crystal from a corroded battery with no response so I will do the experiment myself but I need to know exactly what causes a battery to corrode. I have had batteries sit in something for ages and nothing happens while other times they corrode like crazy. What I always believed is that the batteries leak causing this is that true? How could I speed up corrosion of a battery? Once I figure out how to corrode a battery I can go from there to try to grow the crystals that form on the corroded battery.

My geology instructor was discussing some basic chemistry in today's lecture and claimed that atoms by definition contain an equal number of neutrons and protons and that when the number of neutrons differ it's called an isotope. Now, unless I'm gravely mistaken, the number of neutrons has nothing to do with whether or not something is an atom, otherwise most hydrogen couldn't be classified as being an atom, etcetera. I'm also aware that an isotope is simply an atom of varying numbers of neutrons, regardless of whether or not that number is even with the number of protons in the molecule. This all did make me wonder though, is there a term for an isotope that has an equal…

Hey guys, I have made a spudgun, but i'm thinking of the ignition system, i wont use teasers or stuff like that, i do have a spark plug but i dont know how i should make it work as ignition, i was thinking maybe i could make my own little system with a switch 2 nails and the 220V comming from the net, so i would put 2 nails close togheter in the spudgun, solder some wires on them make them go to a lamp and then to a switch, but my question is Can I make a desent spark with only 220V from the net?? thx

I'm now doing a science project about rust converting. I use tannic acid and phosphoric acid to react with rust to form a complex, which in turn protects the iron. when i did the exp, a blue-black coating was formed, which should be the iron-tannate complex, but the coating was somehow detached no matter how long i react the acids with rust. What can I do to improve the process?

When a battery corrodes little tiny crystals form on it. Is it possible to grow these crystals or grow a crystal from the battery? If so how do you do it?

What are they? Are they really classified as a crystal species? Is there any way to make one that wont dissolve when wet? Do any crystal like the ones grow at home happen in nature besides salt?

I know I already started another electrochemistry-related thread, but this one is about a slightly separate subject. I was looking to use water electrolysis to yield hydrogen and oxygen in separate containers. For the most part, I think I'd know what I'm doing, but there's some things I'd like to check on. First off, what would be a good (ie. safe and/or efficient) electrolyte to use for at-home electrolysis? I'm guessing that the electrolyte itself would undergo electrolysis as well... which is why I'm hesitant to use table salt, as that would supposedly yield chlorine gas. (Inside the same container as oxygen, I presume?) So far I'm considering baking soda, or vineg…

Hello. Can we make a list of typical household and over-the-counter chemicals that are obtainable without "prescription' in supermarkets, hardware stores, but not from chemical specialty suppliers ? Like: Sodium bicarbonate Rubbing alcohol Acetic acid (vinegar) Turpentine Acetone Gasoline Kerosene Diesel Naphta Butane Sodium chloride (salt) Paint thinner (whatever it is) Sodium hipochlorite? (the water softener stuff) Epsom salt Borax Graphite (pencil leads) Oils Methylethilketone Cyanoacrylate Please add, rename properly and do corrections... Miguel