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You seem to have posted all this before and been told several times that modern authors have streamlined the presentation of Relativity over the now more than a century since inception. Mordred and Marcus in particular ( +1) have tried to point to presentations that contains earlier and simpler theory as limiting cases so the theory of Newton and Galileo is a limiting case of the Special Theory which in turn is a limiting case of the General theory. We would expect this type of progression to continue wiht future developments. Here is a mid 1960s version that demonstrates this, due to Wangsness. You should take away with you this development along with the clear exposition of how it relates to Lorenz and modern versions of the two postulates of SR The math is not too difficult. But he does provide proper reasoning for each step taken (not always shown in shallow modern treatments). I will just post the basic bit here, but he goes on in similar vein to eplore all the aspects of SR, inlcuding the electromagnetic ones.

Ahhh I see, that makes more sense. In that case it may be interesting to just look up what floxing is used for in general and why you would want to target a specific gene. For a school project you could also look into exon skipping (in, for example Duchenne) and see if floxing could be used there. Good luck!

Reionization was complete by z~6, evidenced by the disappearance of Gunn-Peterson Troughs in quasar spectra below that The IGM has been virtually 100.0000% ionized ever since (neutral fraction of order PPM at most) Yes, reionization was significant by z~11, and equation (6) is the appropriate one to use (with the presumed "Benchmark Cosmology") to compute the integrated optical depth

As this is your final post nothing you have stated changes any of my comments. Lastly physics didn't stop with Einstein. It's too bad you teach outside the described curriculum in an institution. Quite frankly the job of a teacher is to follow the school curriculum despite personal opinion. It's too bad you never examined the Lorentz transforms for relativistic vector addition. You would have realized you don't require the speed of light to apply them. One can show the speed limit of information exchange without using light from those transforms. http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Relativ/einvel.html One thing about this thread is that you haven't applied the interval ct which is what gives time dimemsionality of length nor have you mentioned coordinate time or proper time. Nor have I ever seen you apply the dot vs cross products with regards to velocity addition. quite frankly all these little situations you describe never included any of the calculations...just verbal statements. That is insufficient to change my mind.

Yeah? Tell your creator this is the Politics section, and the atoms in my ass are his only if he wants to kiss them. I'm being as broad as words like Capitalism, Socialism, and Communism allow. You asked us to define the terms, and I gave it a try. Have a nice day.

What that particular link doesn't mention is the frequency dependency of when you apply Thompson vs Compton scattering. This is given by the Klein Nishina formula https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klein–Nishina_formula Though you were correct in correcting me on Thompson scattering. (I had confused it with Compton scattering) The non relativistic assumption breaks down [math]hv=m_ec^2\sim 0.51 Mev [/math] when [math]hv\ge m_e c^2 Mev [/math] you are now dealing with Compton scattering. Which must be dealt with quantum mechanically The inverse Compton scattering is particularly applicable to https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunyaev–Zeldovich_effect So in essence we use both Compton and Thompson scattering with our cosmological models but which scattering to apply depends on the circumstance. I question the Z range mentioned above as there is in essence no free electrons for Thompson scattering at z=1 and Z=2. If memory serves correct one must apply Compton scattering to an atom taking into account the Compton wavelength of the atom. This is one of the reasons why the CMB is referred to as the surface of last scattering as it refers to the transition stage when Thompson scattering no longer applies Ie the transition from an opaque universe to a transparent universe. There are stages at different Z as per the Lynmam Alpha papers I linked but you will note they do not apply at z=2 or z=1.

It might help if you explained a little more. Floxing is a method to turn off or inactivate a specific DNA region (or well, move it etc, but most commonly it is used for knock out experiments I think), so you should target whatever thing you want to research? If you already have a chosen loci but want specific information on what places are best, maybe someone can help you (I wouldn't know). But at the moment your question seems to be very low on details. Of course if you want to know what exon is best to remove for knockout, you can look at some functions. I would also recommend to check if there are any genes on the opposite strand or any known regulatory elements, as I would personally try to knockout the exon that has the least amount of other effects (as far as we can predict it based on already existing information). -Dagl

Here is the pertinent details in this Arxiv article and how this applies to the Lymann alpha forest https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://arxiv.org/pdf/1206.0267&ved=2ahUKEwjOrLTuj_znAhVXGDQIHYgzDd4QFjABegQIAxAB&usg=AOvVaw2s_QsN4ELA8qUYnXW7GziI

I agree that it is. The military is paid for by the people and is for the benefit of all of them. That fits a common definition of socialism. In fact, I have stated elsewhere that virtually all of the spending based on the enumerated powers of a government such as the US's represents that definition of socialism. (I will add to that: capitalism is not described in or in any way mandated by the Constitution, and the regulatory powers of the government represent deviations from true capitalism.) I have offered up GPS as a great, smaller-scale example. Owned and operated by the US DoD, paid for by tax dollars. Used by many, and virtually everyone benefits from it in some way. Does anyone want to give it up?

Still have this issue of your use of question marks. Are you asking this? Cross section is independent of wavelength, according to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomson_scattering ——— The article also mentions how the CMB is polarized as a result of this scattering, which raises the issue of why one might think that the process is not already included in our cosmological models.

This isn’t just true for electromagnetism, but for all laws of physics, once written using the correct formalism. For example, the Standard Model of Particle Physics - including all parts that are not EM related - is fully Lorentz invariant. As is relativistic fluid dynamics. And relativistic mechanics. And so on. The point is that all inertial observers experience the exact same laws of physics, not just the same propagation of light.

Yersinia is a bacterium, not a virus. Whole different ballgame.

Personally I think military is perfect example of authoritarian system. When you get order, have to obey it or else you are punished... or killed... instantly.. e.g. nazis had to obey order from higher level nazis or else they would be instantly shot, or obey order, do evilness, and they were killed just a few years later, after war was lost.. (some few lucky not) Some US military officers were so stupid to even make photos how they tortured captured captives.. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Ghraib_torture_and_prisoner_abuse Smarter executioners are still between you in the US, and you call them per "veterans" and "heroes".. You salute to veterans from Iraq, Afghanistan, Vietnam, Japan, Germany, but you can be looking at mass-murderer who killed, raped and tortured dozen of innocent people.. But you have no idea what, he or she, did in the past.. If nazis-germany would win 2nd world war, similar war-veterans who killed, raped, tortured people, would get alive without any harm.. ..like Russians, or Turks, etc., who made war crimes in Donbas or Syria, right now.. Was somebody sentenced by mass-murdering of people of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.. ?

Not the subject of this thread Really? Your premise was "military is example of socialism. is it true?".. I said "no, it's authoritarian", and started giving examples.... How is counter-example is not subject of the thread? You seem to be more biased than Fox.. Simply, concentrate of authoritarian part of my post, rather than nitpicking..