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Now if only these drones could insinuate themselves into some kind of distribution chain so they could get humans to actually BUY them and have them delivered straight to their unwitting victims....

I don't see how one follows on the other. Why would their respiratory requirements affect whether or not we think they exist in the first place? The real issue is more about complexity. The lifeforms we know of that "breathe" other elements (sulphur, hydrogen) are pretty simple organisms, and not the kind of species you'd expect to develop space travel. The more complex organisms we know of use oxygen in some way. Also, aliens don't need to be exactly like us in order to manipulate oxygen. Many creatures on Earth use oxygen in different ways to get what they need.

I consider science and religion (the general concept, not any particular religion) to be different and distinct domains of enquiry, that ask different questions about the world and the human condition. As such, there is no reason why the two can’t coexist harmoniously, in fact it is natural for them to do so. Problems only arise when people start conflating the two - making religious claims about the empirical world, or conversely making “scientific” claims about what is not readily amenable to the scientific method, quickly leads to unnecessary disharmony and arguments (and potentially worse). You don’t use a torque wrench to hammer in a nail - one must pick the right tool for the job at hand. I think both science and religion are equally of value when it comes to understanding what it means to be born human, but they shouldn’t be conflated and confused, because they relate to different aspects of our experience.

There is a lot of false information there. -Without testing you do not know what you had. Making medical assumption based on gut feeling is really bad idea. -Influenza is not 100% symptomatic. Estimates are difficult (for obvious reasons). Longitudinal tests based on serological studies tend to estimate above 75% of asymptomatic cases (e.g. Hayward et al. Lancet 2014) . Note that influenza is much better investigated than COVID-19 and there are still a lot of unknowns and with influenza there are widely divergent estimates. The only thing we know with certainty is that your assertion is entirely unfounded. - Asserting that your feeling trumps actual data via testing is utterly ridiculous. Of course MDs should order tests. One might call it evidence-based medicine or just common sense. Acting on anything else is basically endangering oneself and others. - The unknown regarding immunity is actually correct. We only have limited data suggesting that there may be immunity, but we need to collect more. Also serological testing (but not, say gut feeling) can provide additional evidence of duration of immunity.

Not long ago we had a long ill tempered thread about the meaning of the word electricity. Since this thread was closed I don't want to rake over old coals but I was reading some history and came across this snippet and thought it might be of interest to some.

If you we're to find controversial religious toned scientific material, would you be a scientist and take it seriously, or would you be emotional and throw it in the trash can. Strange is an interest individual who seems to think it's okay to just trash scientific discussion. I think this moderator should be removed for blocking legitimate scientific material. I don't think his ethics are on the level. I think he's bankrupt.

We are all here to amuse ourselves. You know where the exit is.

rjbeery, I'm giving you some homework: https://www.amazon.com/Introducing-Einsteins-Relativity-Ray-dInverno/dp/0198596863 You don't sound to me like you're completely off your rocker. Maybe you've tried to get into the forest a little too deep, a little too devil-may-care, and without dropping your breadcrumbs on the floor. I don't want to be completely negative. So there you are.

If not, is it possible, for instance, to have an infinite number of photons in a given space. Also how can such particle(f.e quarks), then make something that has both mass and volume. Can mass exist without volume?

I will be adding further details to this later on as it's a good discussion that deserves extra attention. The key points I would like to add is that mass is best treated as resistance to inertia change. How a particle couples to the fields they interact with contributes to the mass term. With the Higgs field a good tool to use is the CKMS and PMNS matrix. This matrix is what is described by the Covariant derivatives in the Link Studiot posted earlier. (Though I would like to examine the equation in more detail later on. It's not a form I recognize though looks accurate). Anyways I will add more later on after work.

Well, there goes the invariance of c .

How do you know it ticks more slowly until you bring them together to compare ? Frequency and wavelength are a 'signal', and are used as 'timing', or a clock, if you will.

Hello. Why do you mix Christ with God ? Christ was a plain guy pissed off by the abundant crooks (like we are today with drug dealers, thieves, criminals, politicians...) and injustices of those times and decided to attempt convincing (preaching) everyone to be good and straight, not harming the rest, using all his also fed-up friends (followers) that shared his same beliefs for the search of just and good behavior of the masses. May have not succeeded completely at that time, and was killed as a result of his failure to get rid of the injustices. Christ is in history, god is in novels from many religions.

I'm just trying to engage Studiot. I tried to +1 you at your reminding me of the Klein paradox, but I messed up. Well deserved anyway.

Hey, stop blaming the Brits Neither A Einstein or E Mach were British

Alien does not even have to be alive organism. It could be machine created by aliens and sent to cosmos to explore and bring data back. Humanoidal ("alienoidal"), or not indistinguishable from computer, device or even entire spaceship being one large computer. Humans did it already. Exploration of solar system is done just by remotely controlled or automatic computers with very small control from the Earth (~3 to ~23 minutes delay between Earth and Mars to receive data in one direction, double it for both action and reaction with view). Experience tells that the best are small, movable, independent units ("drones"), in large quantity (thousands), without one central unit controlling everything. Because if central unit is damaged, the whole mission will fail.

These scenarios are not physically equivalent - only “us” would measure proper acceleration in our frame, but not the mass in its own rest frame. There is no symmetry between frames once proper acceleration is involved. Do we really know this? There is no known closed analytic interior counterpart to the exterior Kerr metric (unlike is the case for Schwarzschild), so correctly modelling the gravitational collapse of a rotating body is mathematically a difficult problem. Also, the concept of “mass” is not straightforward here, since it is now one parameter in a 2-parameter family of metrics, and hence a global property of the entire spacetime. It’s a gravitational source the exterior vacuum of which can be approximately described by the Kerr metric. It is unlikely that such a thing is feasible, since the kinetics of that system would simply separate the two bodies, long before the gravitational effects would approach criticality. In terms of mathematical analysis, this is a relativistic 2-body problem, which is much more complex than a single rotating mass; such a spacetime is not described by the Kerr metric. I’m sure the analysis can be done, but only numerically.

A confounding factor is that the particles interact. So electrons can "act bigger" than a point particle because of that. Also, photons can't exist in an optical cavity or a waveguide if the wavelength is too big, but that ties back to the fact that the electric and magnetic fields have to satisfy certain boundary conditions at the surface of the waveguide (one of the electric field components has to be zero at the edge, forcing it to be a node of the field) so that, to me, muddies the water a bit. It's hard to separate out the interaction from the particle, but there are experiments and analyses which do so. When we say e.g. an electron is a point particle, the implication is that there is no "ball of material" that contains the charge. This is perfectly consistent, I think, with the idea that the charge is a property, and not stuff unto itself, which might require a volume. (A lot of this confusion, I think, is a residual effect of thinking about things in terms of classical physics)

Point particles do not have volume, but there may be other factors involved. It is possible to have an infinite number of photons in a given space because they obey something called Bose-Einstein statistics (particles like this are classed as bosons). However, particles like electrons (and quarks) follow Fermi-Dirac statistics. This means that you cannot have two particles with exactly the same quantum state. So electrons, for example, have to take up different positions (energy levels) around the nucleus of an atom. (Actually, because they have half-integer spin, you get two electrons at each level. Simplifying, somewhat.) This is the Pauli exclusion principle. And when the electrons in the atoms of your hand meet the electrons in the atom of the table they push against each other. Partly because they all have negative charge, but also because they have to maintain their separate quantum states. There are other ways in which even point particle appear to have a finite size. They will interact (collide or annihilate or whatever) of they can get within a certain distance of one another. This is known as the interaction cross section (because this cross section area is very small, scientists invented a new unit for it: the "barn"). There are various other ways of defining the "size" of particles, even though they are treated as points.

Many very prominent scientists are religious, even more so the farther back in history you look. This is, however, not a sign of the two being compatible, but is instead a sign of our human ability to easily compartmentalize our thoughts and maintain inconsistent beliefs. One of these (religion and belief in god(s)) is a conclusion in search of valid supporting evidence. The other (science and the methodology of avoiding our own biases) is the search for evidence wherever it may lead in search of valid conclusions. You can be religious, and you can believe in a creator god, and you can also do science in addition to those things, but the moment those things enter your scientific methodology or influence your work then you’re no longer doing valid science. You may let your beliefs inspire and/or motivate you, but you must let the evidence and willingness to change your mind... to be objective and honest about what you see... guide you.

Dear Strange, I completely understand. I would much rather have someone teach me how to problem solve so I can figure things out on my own.I have problem of getting excited by the idea of some of the advanced concepts I have a hard time sitting though months of review step by step like I should or I would have remembered Avogadro's number. You really can't do much in chemistry if you don't have a firm grasp on the basics, the math isn't hard it's learning to think like a chemistry that's challenging. In closing, I really appreciate a place like this to come and ask for help, get help, and a little wisdom on the side. Thank you

I don't know exactly what you mean with 'experience.' Systems of both massive or massless particles contain entropy, a black hole contains entropy of a very different kind, and even for one quantum particle entropy can be defined in terms of its wave function. Entropy, at the most fundamental level, is defined when the distinctions among different dynamical states are lost. Entropy is the opposite of information. The total entropy of the visible universe in cosmology approximately equals the number of photons, about 10^90. A gas of photons contains entropy. So I suppose the answer to both questions is yes. I've just answered the one that Strange passed on, but he was spot on when he said it's about 'systems.'

In the equation, r is measured from the center of the Earth. It seems that you just plugged 424 in for r. The answer you got would have been the GPE for the spaceship if it were sitting on the surface of a world with the mass of the Earth, and just 424 m in radius. For one, you have to convert km to meters, and for the other, you are looking for the difference in GPE between sitting at the surface of the Earth and being 424 km above it, not just the GPE for some point.

I found it a bit ambiguous when I first read the reference, but it arises out of a translation from Hebrew to Greek. Apparently, at the time, the Jews were outraged by the terrible quality of the translation of the Hebrew Bible in general, considering it changing the word of God, and this is just one example. Wikipedia says this about the matter : Matthew uses Isaiah 7:14 to support his narrative, but scholars agree that the Hebrew word used in Isaiah, "almah", signifies a girl of childbearing age without reference to virginity, and was aimed at Isaiah's own immediate circumstances.[17][18] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_birth_of_Jesus

What percentage of the UK's 68 million people were tested? The fact is that only sick people are or were being tested, the 90 percent who were infected like my entire family were not counted. This is not like the flu where 100 percent of those infected have horrible symptoms for 1 to 3 weeks I can't do that because I do not have a doctor All doctors do is lie so that we get more tests I saw the info on TV several times, one must remember that no one knows if the immunity is permanent or if not for how long it will last or will it apply to new strains. Officially the government still wants everyone to be terrified of talking to a neighbor

In all likelihood if there is a superior intelligence that sets to precedence and emergence of man it's a thermodynamic Boltzmann brain during late entropy.

My numbers are accurate https://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/news/20180927/80000-americans-died-from-flu-last-year Again 32 million had the flu and since covid is more infectious obviously more people have or had covid http://www.advisory.com/daily-briefing/2020/03/03/flu-update The CDC predicted 2.2 million deaths and put 36 million Americans out of work. Andy Cuomo ordered nursing homes to take covid patients and killed thousands. You follow your leader. I will lead

Do you believe that the government always tells the public the truth. A yes B no There is no in between

Why did the governor of ny order that all nursing homes accept covid positive patients into all nursing homes causing thousands of unnecessary deaths, after the deaths at a Seattle nursing home and why did the CDC not step in to block this deadly decision?

It seems like that mod isn't here for anything other than to amuse himself. Definitely not a legitimate science site, it's like Take5 or the Lounge.

Abuse of authority will not be tolerated by everyone. There are two types of people in this world. I'm the kind that doesn't lick the boot you jackwagon. Who else is on the Strange jerkoff wagon? Every green rep, probably. You jerk off to an admin and they will use 3286 accounts to keep you on their payroll. Well admins/mods like that just do it for the lulz. God forbid it's not serious power tripping. Neg again proving my point. I'm not on the jackwagon here.

It is common knowledge that people who are exposed to the most viruses at younger age as those in daycare do better with viruses and have fewer allergies later in life. Me tested, nope as I was infected before the lockdown, I have an employee who was severely sick and he went to his doctor twice and to a state testing center twice and they refused to test him, I recommended he get tested because he also has asthma. So they were not testing all ill people just those that they were reasonably sure had covid. It's like this, I was painting once and fell off the ladder and broke my arm. My arm was broken, I did not go to the hospital for a test to show that my arm was broken as it hurt and was bent really wrong. However when you go to any doctor they refuse to accept that you know your arm is broken until they say it is. All doctors request 50 thousand dollars of unneeded test that they get a kickback from and you get the radiation from the test. So my arm was broken and I had covid, and this does not matter on what any doctor says because I actually know more about my own body than all of them put together, which is why I deadlift 400lbs and can ride 50 miles on my race bike. Doctors need sick people to make money, exercise gives life I have never had a doctor that told me the complete truth, as I test them. One doctor did not know that celiac disease eats away at the small intestine resulting in blood in the stool, as I ask him if celiac could cause bloody stool and he said no. He either did not know this which makes him unqualified to treat me or he ignored the yes answer in order to do unneeded testing Another doctor told me that a hemorrhoid bleed could not cause anemia and he got angry when I told him that I actually knew I was anemic and was already taking supplemental iron. So I have never found a doctor as competent at diagnosis as I am because I always diagnose myself correct. Others may not be so talented My thoughts about doctors are based upon the experiences with doctors that I have had, so I do not think this I know this is true in my case. I believe in 2017 and 2018 there were 32 million flu victims and 80,000 dead. If covid is more infectious this dictates that there are far more than 32 million victims and not less. Without testing we can not know this is true, however the fact remains that the more who are tested the lower the mortality drops. It's math not subject to supposition