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Some good comments triggered ideas for a new post! True.I guess that if any single one name on your list had not been around it would maybe have slowed down development but modern IT would still emerge. And the other way around, no single individual could have created everything needed to have modern IT. Teams, collaborations and/or building on previous work is required. Exelent! Had forgotten about Shannon. I guess a comparison of Turing & Shannon and their contribution to computer & Internet could be done by looking at a pair of their important papers (emphasis mine) Turing - "On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem" Shannon - "A Mathematical Theory of Communication" Would it be too bold to claim that once the concept for computing machines was created it was inevitable that some scientists or engineer will try to connect them? It seems there are similar cases for other historical inventions. Here are analogies (slightly of topic) to illustrate why I think @Strange's comment seemed good an applicable for a more general case computer - networks, Internet car - network of roads with gas stations Ship - harbours and support Plane - airports within reach Are there innovations that fits on the left side where there are no concepts matching the right side? Maybe we close to that point for space flight. There are working rockets but yet no established way of maintaining space travel between earth and other celestial bodies. I do not know the full story but I've had to consider converting to and from EBCDIC in recent projects (at least two after 2012). AFAIK there's EBCDIC in use in contemporary IBM System z. *) Not writing this to try to remove any credit from Turing (or other great contributors), it was after all Turing who wrote "On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem". It just means to say that the groundwork done was available so others (one or many in collaboration) could possibly have taken the same steps.

I'm not being delusional. The fact of the matter is, George Floyd was unarmed, he wasn't being aggressive nor was he suspected of a violent crime. There were more than enough officers to arrest him without incident. This 'yes, but look at the amount of guns in America' argument doesn't hold up. It's nothing more than a poor excuse for police brutality.

I could say you are ignorant, as you don't live in the US, Curious Layman. ( inside joke, you had to be here a few pages ago ) There are 120 guns foor every hundred persons living in the US. That is for 100 men, women, children, old people ... There are about 4.5 guns per 100 persons in England and Wales. If you don't think that makes a difference, I'm sorry my friend, but you are delusional. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estimated_number_of_civilian_guns_per_capita_by_country Of those American guns, Just over 1 million are registered, so that police know about them. Over 390 million are unregistered, and the next guy you pull over ( if you're a cop ) could be carrying half a dozen of them. Good luck to you !

How about like this. Nikolas Cruz, murdered 17 people George Floyd, suspect in a forgery. Notice the difference? The argument about the amount of guns and open carry being a problem is a load of crap.

Your advocacy for police brutality suggest your statement here is unequivocally disingenuous. You've touted your belief in police brutality and, thereby, confirm you do believe it exist. It's hardly convincing that a person who holds such beliefs is in anyway sincerely or slightly interested in humans rights protection whatsoever. As decent human beings raised with a modicum of morals, they should have innately known to weigh "following training/orders" against the loss of common decency. "I was just following training/orders" is not an excuse for crimes committed while doing so.

I agree that it’s largely electrostatic energy, but it’s also true that the protons can only be in such proximity because the nuclear force permits it. So the nuclear coupling plays a role IOW, all else being equal, if the nuclear coupling were weaker, you’d expect the energy released in fission to drop as well, by some factor that was related to the coupling, because the nucleon spacing would increase in the parent and fission fragments

I think the simplest answer is that only living things can make living things and once something dies it's irreversible, in our current state of knowledge.

Anthropogenic Global Warming.

Hi MigL, Try to formulate the same, but without using 'governing'. Don't you agree that laws of nature are our descriptions of the regularities we find in nature? Do you really think that laws of nature 'govern' or 'enforce' natural processes? It is my strong conviction that this way of speaking is just metaphorical. Maybe this question helps to weaken up these kind of concepts: how do laws of nature determine what happens in the universe? Is this a scientific question, a philosophical one, a theological, or just nonsensical? Seems some misunderstanding here. Everytime we act, we give further proof of e.g. the laws valid for chemico-neurological processes, because that is the way our brain functions. We do not find magic in the brain, just a very complicated structure and its processes, developing according the same laws of nature as everywhere else in the universe, and that, amongst others, constitute our will. But it doesn't cause our will. So I do not see the hubris in it. If this is not clarifying your point, then I might have misunderstood you, and you must explain a bit more, why you think it is hubris. Thanks. I do my best. (But if I can't convince you, I am a 'miserable failure'... ).

May I suggest that if Moreno wants ( that's questionable ) an education in police, or systemic, discrimination/violence towards black people in the US, he should start another thread. Every time we can have an interesting discourse about racism, causes, cures, and where do we go from here, it always gets hijacked by someone claiming there is no racism, and goes on to give us several pages of "Yes there is"/"No there isn't". This same pattern also emerges when we start having interesting discussions about AGW, and I sometimes I limit my participation for that reason, even if I find the OP very interesting. I would really like to discuss what effects the death/murder of G Floyd will have ( if any ) on American society, its government, policing and justice system, and society in general. I would hate to think his death, and many before him, have died for nothing.

Sorry. I thought it was about how to introduce the concept of entropy. My mistake.

It is not very clear what you are asking. Reduction is a chemical process so there is almost no change in mass, hence very small release of energy. Uranium fission involves a large change in mass and so a greater release of energy. Why have you posted this in Speculations? It looks like a question about Physics.

Of course he’s not. I’ve known that for weeks

This is no minor point to your position. Without fully grasping it, MigL’s description creates an imagination blockade: One pictures the internal processes as dictatorial to an agent, instead of picturing them as what makes up the agent—their wants, knowledge of the consequences of their actions etc. Without this perspective reversal one can’t see anything other than “passive causality” top to bottom.

Police who abuse the power we trust them with are not only attacking an individual, they are attacking the social contract. I believe that a police officer who knowingly perverts justice in this way should life in prison with no chance of parole, along with any of his fellow officers who stood by when they could've helped.

Yes, I know. But he wasn't personally a killer. I thought there could be a possibility that whites are over-suspected in "racism" and often hated for been perceived "successful" and hardworking. And things are intentionally heated up by somebody. Possibly by a foreign intelligence services. For example it rises doubts that video with Floyds death been done in such details, so patiently and professionally, was done by an accidental bystander. Also there are reports that some mysterious "flying squads" of a robbers and looters on bicycles and skateboards participated in riots who acted too professionally for an accidental mob.

Treated by whom, in which exactly country? They could be mistreated in Africa too. Because I don't honestly know any proves to this. I never personally observed in my life any case when even a single black person would be mistreated by someone. And statistical 1.000 of a black persons killed by police in US per 320.000.000(!) population in US each year either for a sound reason or not don't convince me there is a repressive system regarding blacks in US...

I would be glad to know your opinion on possibility to use an airborne substance which is capable to reduce fertility rates in those countries where people cannot find a balance with surrounding environment and stabilize their population on their own. Such vaccine wouldn't be able to cause any harm to humans or even their purely sexual functions, but just make them infertile. I don't propose to use such a vaccine, of course, but would be glad to know an opinions on ethical and practical side of the question. There are predictions that all the tropical rainforests soon will gone forever, as well as majority of leaving species on Earth with them. Also there is a threat that weapon of mass destruction will get in hands of unstable regimes. There are a huge problems with migration/refugees. Fertility rates by country: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/356rank.html#AM

This event has been orchestrated to divert public attention away from the erosion of freedoms perpetuated by the Corvid-19 global scam. Globalists (such as George Soros) engineer civil unrest by fostering an atmosphere of racial tension while they quietly usher in a communist one world government.