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If I understand correctly, you're presenting a position that correlates genetically based racial distinctions with variations in brain size that confer variations in intelligence. Let's start with the genetics, which does not confer intelligence unless their expression result in malformations that inhibit normal or average brain development or function. Homo sapiens, as a species, share a commonality of brain development, structure, and function that may only be altered invitro or after birth as a result of nutritional, environmental, or social influences and effects. What I'm stating here is that genetics do not influence our capacity to learn and innovate unless those genetics in someway effects brains developments that are inconsistent with average, atypical developments among the human species--which brings us to brain size. Indeed, genetics can affect brain size as evident by the brain cases of humans from extinct to modern emergences. However, brain size empirically does not confer "exceptional cognitive abilities". If brain size were an empirical measure of intelligence, we'd be a planet of Neanderthals whose brain size were larger than modern humans. Or, perhaps, we'd be ruled by species of whale or elephant whose brain volumes can measure as much as 9 kg and 7 kg respectively. Indeed, the idea that brain size confer intelligence is a ludicrous assertion. Lastly, race vs. ethnicity are not synonymous from how I understand and has used those terms. Race describes a purely physical distinction between humans primarily characterized by skin pigmentation, eye color, and hair texture. While ethnicity describes a social distinction rooted in tribalism and traditions relative to origins of religious and/or geographic significance. Race and ethnicity are not empirical scientific measures of intelligence because they do not constrict the basic cognitive capacity of humans. The basic cognitive capacity of humans may only be constricted by the prejudices we impose overtly and subvertly on our species--as suggested by the argument you have posed in this discussion.

What did they perform PCA on? Presumably some kind of genetic dataset? The problem with this kind of dataset is you can similarly label jockeys and basketball players on a and get a visually appealing separation. Does this mean there is a difference between these two types of sports people such that you want to call them different races? You could. What is 'biologically real' is to an extent based on how we choose to categorise things - apparently even the concept of species gets murky at some point. So i guess the question is whether treating race as 'biologically real' is useful. Race and ethnicity are still used in medicine, albeit badly (often no distinction is made between the two). They're used as proxy markers for what is really pertinent, which changes depending on the context. Sometimes it helps get an idea of diet and exercise habits, though you would be better off directly measuring them if possible (surprisingly difficult), and sometimes you want an idea of genetic propensities, but again you would be better off measuring those directly now that is possible. However, genetic testing is still expensive. Hence the double risk of using race in medicine is that it can lead to a conflation of genetic factors with cultural behavioural factors, and it is a poor substitute for direct genetic testing.

Good post, DrmDoc, and you take it back to the OP which/who has slipped away from the OP's initial presentation to one more based in sociology (as the more recent postings would suggest). Which, IMHO, is more pertinent the thread's title anyway. Because I've seen little but bias involved in any evidence correlating intelligence capacities with race. But the sociological evidence is overwhelming I would like to add that, with respect to brain size, the development of the number of neurons in the neocortex is far more important than brain size. If it wasn't for that, I would be pulling termites out of a hole with a stick with my Chimpanzee and Bonobo cousins.

There is a real sociological danger when one pursues equating race to some degree of perceived Human imperfection. Personally, I'll have no truck with such concepts. So....done here.

Hey, where did this come from? Because now I'm confused. Could some PLEASE clarify an "American Race" for a small brained person like m'self? Because I had no idea. It HAS to be because I'm stuck with this small brain I have a small brain, and so apparently I'm left trapped here in the Department of Redundancy Department, LOL.

Indeed. It seems romantic to romanticize them. These chaps require certain behavior around women, which they're more than willing to abide by if the women would give them a chance. But they also make far too many assumptions about women for someone who doesn't speak to them. The drunken slob is unworthy, yet he has no problems making women smile. A side effect of drinking too much can be exposing honest feelings, and if you're even halfway into someone, it can be powerfully attractive when they share like that. If you don't simply talk to a woman as a person, you might imagine she admires that tall guy she's looking up to. If you actually talk to her, you might find out that guy gives her a pain in the neck. Ultimately, the pedestal is insurmountable because we don't try to climb it. We're trying to jump up there all at once. That's what ends up making women nervous. A slow climb, getting to know the terrain as you go, is best. With people of any gender, talking to them and listening to what they have to say is the best way to get to know them. As a great astronaut once said, you can't open the book of my life and jump in the middle! Like woman, I am a mystery.

The nearest horse is far from where I live. But my point was that horses foal (if you say so); they don't horse. Whereas evidently, lambs lamb. Which I didn't know. Now I'm gonna take it on the lam.

I've read your other topic also. I agree with you. There can be differing human 'races', depending on your definition of 'race'. The problem arises once you start categorizing these different 'races' according to real or imagined attributes. IOW, what do you intend to do with this information ? Is it beneficial or detrimental ? It's a lot like nuclear power. Is the intention to provide cheap power, or to build bombs ?

I understand the issue of thermal transmission. Your heat transference from the inside to the ouside (or cold from the outside in if you want to look at it this way) depends on the continuous path through the metal from the cold outside to the (hopefully) warmer inside. If you can introduce a barrier between the source of heat and/or cold you will slow this transference down considerably. So you can also surface insulate the outside of the frame with a layer that lets the cold through much more slowly. I don't know if this would be visually acceptable but is almost as effective as internal insulation. Secondly you can buy mositure absorbance trays devices to place in windowcills. I will try to search out some for you.

Indeed, or lack of exposure to actual females. Your point of them often becoming caricatures in the minds of young "chaps" is spot on.

As I know, such theorem independent on Peano's axioms, is Goodstein Theorem. On the other hand, there in the paper: T. J. Stępień, Ł. T. Stępień, "On the Consistency of the Arithmetic System", J. Math. Syst. Sci. 7, No.2, 43-55 (2017); arXiv:1803.11072 , a proof of consistency of Arithmetic System was published. This proof had been done within this Arithmetic System. Łukasz

You're never going to change your height. It's not gonna happen. Stop trying. Stop thinking about it. Stop ruminating. It's not healthy. You are how tall you are ever going to be unless you put on shoes with heels. End program. You can, however, change your fitness level, and you can change your mindset and you can engage in activities that make you a better human. Focus on the things you can change, not pie in the sky dreams like growing a 3rd arm or having lasers that shoot out of your eyes (the equivalent of trying to force your body to be taller). Right now, it's almost certainly your lack of self-confidence and lack of realistic understanding of the world you live in that's likely most unappealing to the girls you wish to include in your life. If you don't like yourself, then why would they ever like you? Start there... accept who you are and improve yourself in ways that can be improved. Girls aren't aliens. They are really not different than you are and they feel the same feelings you do. Often they tend to appreciate others who are self-aware, kind, and focused on making themselves better. That could be you, even if the only way you can get there is with some help and/or therapy. No shame needed.

https://www.who.int/about/what-we-do He’s confused about much more than that. Read his posts if you have the patience for it.

Quite a lot. The WHO has played a leading role in several public health achievements, most notably the eradication of smallpox, the near-eradication of polio, and the development of an Ebola vaccine. Its current priorities include communicable diseases, particularly HIV/AIDS, Ebola, COVID-19, malaria and tuberculosis; non-communicable diseases such as heart disease and cancer; healthy diet, nutrition, and food security; occupational health; and substance abuse. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization You seem to be confusing the World Health Organisation for the US Marines.

It most certainly is a reflection of the public's own culpability. That doesn't absolve the companies though. Not at all. Many ordinary voters don't know any better. Overall I feel you post makes it seem like there is one right way of looking at things; good or bad, voters or companies or politicians. Certainly every category has its own good and bad players, educated and not, concerned or not.

See also: https://www.its.caltech.edu/~kip/index.html/lectures.html

You see, here's the thing. Race is a bullshit concept. It's a cultural term, not a biological one. The fact that some people have different melanin content in their skin doesn't mean much else other than they have different melanin content in their skin. Sure, they've been treated differently and had the system rigged against them so of course that affects outcomes, but when you control for things like health and access etc... skin color really isn't a determining factor. Likewise, IQ is also a bullshit concept. There are scores of different kinds of intelligence. Problem solving ability, memory, executive function, creativity, some people are brilliant musicians while others are great builders... these are all types of intelligence and none is better than another. IQ Is little more than a measure of peoples ability to take an IQ test, and the test itself is biased toward western culture and certain anglo-saxon upbringings. It's mostly garbage. As for brain size... that's also not as important as the density and diversity of connections, plus things like myelin sheathing and conductivity. It's not the size that matters, as it were. Anyway... I've seen posts like yours several times before. Usually the person has an agenda. We'll see if you're any different, but most of these things you seem to feel so strongly about are... not to get too technical on you here... horseshit and bollocks.

As SJ hints at, to prevent it you need to keep the area dry. To kill it, I've had good luck with the stuff he references, too: Concrobium Mold Control. It's stinky, but works.

1) Humans are not a race, the ideal classification is species 2)who appears to have not read anything is you, just one of the ones reviewed above, from the way you started, it seemed to be treating IQ as something arbitrary, which is clearly not the case.

the answer to that is in my other topic, if you want to see it there, it's a little out of alignment, but the definition part is very readable. what a pity, but any question or objection against my text may be being asked here, or there, in the recent topic. guys, go to that link and ignore my other topic, this one is more complete and with less alignment errors, and this one with all sources. https://web.archive.org/web/20210216180437/https://www.scienceforums.net/topic/124404-race-is-a-valid-scientific-category-answering-questions-and-fallacies/

1)IQ makes perfect sense 2) race makes perfect biological sense 3) brain size is super relevant did not present any refutation to the topic in question, totally ignores the idea developed in the text and in the answers below, that is, nothing new under the horizon

first that it is not "Spanish" but Portuguese, the "estudiot" here seems to be very wise. Second is that I didn’t write in Portuguese, my topic and my answers are in English, the quotes that are in Portuguese, but it’s not my fault that I have a fucking mechanism that always translates into Portuguese, but I solved that, I guarantee you won't bother you anymore. Er ......... don't you see any evidence? speaks seriously? I placed more than 30 sources following my argument.Lol 1166 / 5000 yes, your doctor is super sure to ask your ethnicity, such passages are standard. some races and / or ethnic groups are biologically predisposed (or genetically predisposed, the same thing) to inherit specific diseases or to be more susceptible to certain types of infectious diseases . This applies even to mental illness. These types of genetic predispositions are not unique to humanity and can be found in all living organisms; consider inherited diseases of certain dog breeds, for example. Not only in these cases, but also when it comes to organ transplant surgery, you cannot mix and match body parts of different races. If you put a white organ in a black body, it is almost certain to be rejected, and vice versa. In order to successfully transplant an organ to another person, the donor must be genetically compatible - that is, be of the same race or, ideally, ethnic group. As a result, mixed race people have an incredible difficulty finding suitable donors for transplantation. Don't just take my word for it, listen to medical professionals: about not knowing a biologist, I already know that, you did not present me with a scientific argument and you still made a mistake about Spanish / Portuguese, but let's analyze this question, did you know that, in order to look for variations, one searches within the species and not outside it? for if a species has a larger body than another, a larger brain may be needed to manage that body equally well. This is important because many of the animals with larger brains than humans, like certain types of whales, are also huge. Like whales, secondly: the brains of different species are organized differently than human brains. This difference in the organization is what makes them less intelligent. But for comfort, whales, dolphins and elephants are generally considered to be some of the most intelligent non-human animals. Lol about IQ, I already said above, I won't repeat what I said before just because an idiot didn't understand.