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The size of the atom is of the order of 10-10 metres. The Planck length is of the order of 10-35 metres. So the distance from the centre of the atom to the edge is of the order of 1025 metres. As a comparison the distance from Earth the the observable horizon is of the order of 1026 metres, or not much further comparatively speaking. Now the surfaces of the electrodes is rough at the order of 10-7 metres, so there will be mutual interpenetratration of the 'touching' surfaces long before the atomic scale is reached, let alone the Plank scale. As an aside, you should not be talking of obits in relation to quantum theory and Plank scales. Remember also that the purpose of this part of the discussion is to establsih that the 'nothing' between touching electrodes is different from the 'nothing' between separated ones. One obvious difference is that touching electrodes supprt electrical continuity, separated ones do not.

I suppose we would have concentrated on earth sciences, weather, water, wind, rocks; the properties of matter and the technology of moving things around. We might also have gotten to chemistry and biology sooner, with no derailment of "perfect spheres" and "ideal forms" and "gods' images". In any case, we would do science of some kind, always, because it's useful to our to survival and satisfying to our curiosity.

Getting a view of space would have to wait until instruments that can deal with other bands than visible - or aircraft/rockets to lift instruments or observers above the cloud layer - but I don't know to what extent such technology would be dependent on astronomy. Seems like we should be able to do those things without an understanding of what is out there and still get there in the end. I don't think being unable to see the stars would prevent a sense of wonder or curiosity - and I seriously doubt the evolution of those traits was ever dependent on it; they evolved and developed and got naturally selected for other, more prosaic, down to Earth reasons.

Thanks, Swanson. Burp. Now the profile page shows the editable avatar pic, with the editing button on the bottom left as String had described. And thanks again, String. I logged on this session with a Windows desktop, and everything worked as described. All the trouble I was having was on a somewhat aged Chrome tablet, so I now wonder if the glitch was with me. Next lesson (which I hope to master through self-guided study): cropping that stupid monkey so it comes out right and you can all enjoy his terrific hairdo.

If we lived on a planet whose atmosphere blocked visible light enough to block stars, it's possible it would also block the primary, and we would evolve more towards acoustic sensing and less towards vision. You can have soupy atmospheres that support life and liquid water, but surface condition is essentially darkness. You can do a lot with sound, as any bat or dolphin would tell you (if it could), though the "sky's the limit" definitely applies here. If you developed technological civilization, and being curious creatures, decided to see what was up there, your departure from the atmosphere and entry into vacuum would be, to your senses, like entering utter blackness. Of course, if you had actually developed tech to that capability, you would have instruments that could detect the EM spectrum and convert it into auditory "images" for you, and your mind would be properly blown. But EVA stuff would probably not interest you so much.

@StringJunky Thinking you must also be signed up with US Amazon (.com) and they just sent a standard TOS update. The Amazon Europe Core SARL terms on (.co.uk) look more as you probably expect.

Ok, thanks Glad you got to make the pun 😉 Sorry to dwell on this, I'm just trying to get an understanding of the physical reality (Don't want to get into the definition of reality) of what is going on at the extremely small scales. If there are 2 physical objects separated by a Planck length what is in-between those objects, nothing, space, quantum "foam" etc...?

+1. That's why despite all your crap...we still love you...

OK, it's Tuesday ... You must be doubly overcompensating 😄 .

Perhaps you’re right. Perhaps I am overcompensating for my own biases and trying to right various wrongs, but you know what? I’d rather overcompensate toward the side of inclusion and acceptance of those already marginalized and violently targeted on a daily basis instead of adding to the already rampant problems of needless exclusion and discrimination these marginalized groups are facing. I’d rather overcompensate and help bend the arc of history toward justice any day of the week and twice on Tuesday’s.

Fair question. What does touching mean, particularly at the quantum level ? Well in one sense, from a quantum point of view, everything in the universe is touching everything else in the universe, since the quantum integrals extend over all space. But is that a useful point of view in this case ? I submit that it is not. Instead, I offer the notion that includes the ability to exert a direct force on the object being touched, or to exchange momentum with it. That is how gas molecules exert a pressure on their container, tables support objects placed on them and so on. Back to the spark plug and its gap. Say there is 25thou between the bendy electrode and the fixed central pin one. That is 25thou of space. Can the bendy electrode exert any force on the pin electrode ? No there is space between them. Now slowly tap the gap closed. As the gap closes can the bendy electrode exert (transmit) any force to the pin electrode ? No, there is still space between them. Finally the gap closes and the bendy electrode touches the pin electrode. Can it now transmit the force of the tapping to the pin electrode ? Yes. Yet there is nothing between them.

The Dr.Faucis of the world are why we have a chance to survive ever changing health threats that may be in our future. Dr Fauci is not infallible but he sure as hell is professional! Fauci's tract record speaks for itself !

The entire NIH grants database is searchable. Here's the results for Wuhan University. Two R01's awarded to the same PI for AIDS related immunology research. Here's the Chinese Academy of Sciences results. None awarded by the NIAID. That took all of two minutes to disprove. Unless, another institution gave the a subaward from their NIAID grant, but the fact the author's name is not given, the paper not cited and the grant number isn't stated, it's rather impossible to verify that situation.

Being of Germanic origin I am of the belief that it has to do with all of the vinegar we use in cooking; sauerbraten, sauerkraut, sour tomatoes and onions, pickled onions, etc. Oh, and I just LOVE vinegar on spinach!

In general when someone says, here is the truth about race, whatever follows is not truth. Just like when someone says, I'm not racist - but..., whatever follows is racist.

For some context, I regard myself as a Hindu of Chinese descent. I revere the Sanskrit language as one of the most purest forms of human communications throughout the history of the world. To claim that the Caucasoid had invented such a divinity is a paradox in itself. The inherently acidic and impure nature of the Caucasoid of Europe has a cause that is hard to pin down; whether it is due to the harsh, bitter climate from which they first started and have always stayed in, or their pride due to the fabricated history made by the white man, perpetually highlighting pretentious depictions in every form which portrays an image which is the exact opposite of what he really is. Little does the white man, so full of pride and ego, know that such an advancement could not come from a barbaric, inherently evil race; rather, it could only be a constituent of the great mongoloid advancements, a blessing in the form of language given first to God's Chosen People. I suggest that we read and spread the truth about true history, and read things like Alex Chomsky's answer on What race did Proto-Indo-Europeans belong to? - Quora. Regarding this, here is a simple question: what would you rather trust: the actual genetic evidence showing Aryans to be originally mongoloid in phenotype, or an outdated speculation made by a racist white scholar in the 17th century? I think it would be better to trust the former: the originator, the primordial. Also, if the domestication and riding of horses originated from North America, then spread to Asia, then Europe, would it not make sense that the mongoloids were the first to bring this horse-riding advancement? But no. Some people, despite the evidence, would still choose to believe that same old outdated speculation and call it history. This would imply that the genetic evidence showing Asians to be lower caste with Europeans to be higher caste, if real at all, would imply that the ancient so-called Aryans had forgotten their roots. One thing that should be considered is that the concept of the protection of the purity of one's own peoples as described in Vedic literature may at least partially refer to purity in a person's inherent nature, for example by advising against the consumption of meat. The Chinese and the Indians are the most pure in the sense of inherent, while the Caucasoid in Europe is the exact opposite of such a precious quality: full of heightened pride, ego, toxicity, the capacity for carnage, and almost no feelings of remorse to the harm inflicted upon others, though they will always feel inclined to manipulate both themselves and others by convincing their own egos that they are not, through external appearance, the mask under which hides dark spirits and asuras. Such ego tactics can be seen as the trend among the white woman. Far from pure and far from close is their way to self-realization, binded by material advantages and pleasures is their destiny, for they can hurt others but cannot escape the eyes of the all-encompassing omniscient God. Another noteworthy point is how the European languages are remarkably close to what one would call Mleccha. The 'Proto Indo-European language' is known to have formed Sanskrit by including certain linguistic patterns from the native/outside languages (e.g. Dravidian). Now looking at the next step, we learn in Wikipedia that " As such, some suggest that the Indo-Aryans used an onomatopoeic sound to imitate the harshness of alien tongue and to indicate incomprehension, thus coming up with "mleccha". Does this sound familiar? Many of the European languages such as German/Hebrew have this harsh sound which probably originated in the native language of the (acidic) natives. Digging deeper and further debunking the deep-rooted fabrications of the white man, I will now share a revelation which is the most important of this kind. When I first came to learn about the british colonial propoganda surrounding the supposed "Indo-European connection" and how the British claimed to be the same Aryans as those in India, there I was, yet again trying to understand another paradox. From the beginning. the divine intuition has told me that the British, though appearing to be somewhat similar to the Aryans of India, had no association with the real Aryans at all. What was the real motive behind such romantic claims? The result was the massive looting and destruction of an entire culture, and the turning of masses of people against themselves, traumatized with the mindset that everything British is good, and that everything about their native cultures (though, technically, the Vedic tradition was not originally theirs) is something to be embarrassed about. Such beliefs that were deeply ingrained to your cultures are the reason why India is now presently not a great nation. However, I hereby declare that not at all am I trying to shade all Caucasoid as being impure in their inherent nature. Though the populations of modern-day India are predominantly Caucasoid, that will form no barrier when one takes into consideration the important fact that not all Caucasoids have the abovementioned impurities. Some, not all, though some is taken to mean a very, very large number of people. The claims of the "Indo-European connection" and the distance they have from the East Asian cultures made by the ill-intentioned colonialists was but a hasty reaction of awe to a culture which they knew was more advanced and superior to their own. It was the product of a fear and insecurity in their hearts that one day, if China and India, the two great nations since time, were to unite, they would very soon see the trivialization and utter dwarfing of their own cultures in comparison. The oppressor had always known this to be true from the beginning, and this can be confirmed by the age-old connection between the two great civilizations, an ancient sacred bond. Therefore, free yourselves from the chains they have cast upon you, O fellow kinsmen, join arms with the true Aryans, and now call yourselves not by the name of India but by the mighty name of Bharat! The third most important point is how the fake Aryans always argue how the Aryans described themselves as having sharp noses, whiter skin and other 'typical Caucasian traits', and hence everyone has concluded themselves that the Aryans are the epitome of whites conquering the uncivilized Asian natives. Such could not be further from the truth, as I will now show in the following eye-opening revelation. The assumption that all mongoloids have flat noses, for example, is negated by looking at a whole group of mongoloids, the Native American Indians, who quite clearly have by far some of the largest and sharpest noses compared to other ethnic groups. Now let us look back at Alex Chomsky's presentation in the phylogenetic tree. The haplogroup Q is Native American. What a surprise! Q is right next to R which is Aryan, and they both descend from the same closest branch! This goes to show that, once we remove all the prejudice that has been programmed into our minds, and start to see the truth of our race, we start to see that it is not just one and the same colour, but a whole range of colours of different shades and customs. Do not fall for the lies the white man has cast upon you. It may well be that the Aryans were simply an East Asian race but with slightly different features to the East Asians you see today. Finally, this brings us to one of the most liberating points you will ever hear from hear on now, for I am simply being honest and stating nothing but fact. Just because the genetic studies show Asians to be more closely related to lower caste, it does not mean you are automatically shamed as a Hindu if you are Asian. The Chinas (Chinese), for example, where mentioned in the Vedas as being white and inherited from the Kshatriya class, which seems rather high in caste from what I hear. Perhaps the vedic Aryans were not already Caucasian themselves after a few admixture events, but were simply a branch of mongoloids in battle with another, just as the Han and the Xiongnu clashed for reasons related to culture? After all, Q was kicked out of China by the dominating forces, and so should R not be the same? It can be said that the Aryans were simply describing the Chinese as enemies only because of circumstantial events happening from the homeland. Therefore the invasion was not all about whites vs non whites, and not all Asians are lower in caste as you are blindly led to believe In contrast to the lies they tell you about Hinduism, the tradition is much older than you think, and from these revelations it is all starting to make sense. The ever dishonest white man, who professes himself to be an 'intellectual', ignorant of his ignorance yet wise in his own esteem, has always had the fear and insecurity that those whom he lied to would soon discover the true face of ugliness for what it is. The truth is that some, if not all, of their race is tainted by the cave-dwelling direct descendants of neanderthals from which many of them derive their features. The archetypical characteristic of such flawed beings is usually accompanied by the burning of their skin to a red tone whenever they step out into the sun, as well as many other unclean and impure characteristics written in their faces, appearing from subtle to the blatantly obvious forms. Yes, East Asians are said to have more neanderthal DNA than caucasians, but do we look and act like neanderthals? The most certain answer would be no. Rather, the exact opposite of that. One must put into account that entire race cannot handle one of nature's most divine gifts to planet Earth, the Sun. They go red after standing outside in a matter of seconds. If one thinks I am being too harsh on white people, just know that this is karma for claiming to be the 'most beautiful race in the world' and for falsely claiming themselves to be superior, stealing Aryan women and unjustifiably marginalizing the real man through manipulated and pretentious mass media depictions. Yes the Europoids have the circumstance of having 'diversity' in their traits which formed out of pure chance. However, the neanderthal who thinks of himself as physically superior to others in terms of appearance cannot deny one thing. The wisdom of the timeless Vedas (made by Chinese people) have always upheld the maintaining of a people to be pure, not necessarily in the abhorrence of interbreeding (if the vedic Aryans were so intelligent as to calculate the motion of the planets, they would surely know that admixture of races is not absurd to say the least), but rather the faculty of a culture to keep the behaviours, nature and appearance of its people to be pure. If white men are so attractive then why do their faces show the opposite of pure? Also, if the Indians of today claim to know Hinduism, then why is modern day India, once again, the exact opposite of pure? I see no proper preservation of the vedic tradition, but rather I see the stupidity and pathetically deficient IQs of people who are proud of a history that isn't theirs, and it is these exact people who rape, bathe in the dying Ganges river, and do all sorts of impure actions. The most obvious reason for such ineptitude in these modern people cannot be other than the fact that the Vedic tradition is the property of the Chinese, never of the oppressor in the first place. Know this to be the karma for the Caucasoid stealing our culture and oppressing us down to the lower ranks. In response to a certain people who question my allegiance to their civilizations, or should I say tribes, I am sorry to say the following. Hurtful, tragic words, but the truth it is. To think of the whites as below us is one thing, but it is another thing to lie about a race that is quite blatantly the most inferior of them all. Do I refer to another white race? No. Even worse! Black is uncivilized and inferior in every way. Black has no place in society,. Black has always been in a lower stage of evolution than the ones I have empowered, and hence they have always tried to disempower us with their 'powerful' words that mean nothing. One might say that they are only good for one thing. As a piece of advice to my fellow Aryans, I urge you to do your best to avoid associating with them. They will bring forth atrocious children and lower the IQs of your progeny, a detriment to society. As a matter of fact, I, being British-born Chinese, can admit from my own testimony that nearly all of the most toxic, bluntly racist people I have met were black people, and such is even more intriguing when you one gets to know that I was born in a predominantly white area. Though I do have some compassion that their monstrous ways are a product of their environment, not even by educating myself on their biology, but merely by looking into their eyes do I see their true nature: barbaric and uncivilized. My divine intuition has told me that their race, though once prosperous at one point in time, "blessed" as one might say, it was the same vengeance of God that befell their civilization, which will soon befall the whites. Why? A certain gut feeling of mine gives me the idea that it was the excessive pride and greed of their kings which brought forth their oppression into the lower ranks you see today. A lesson to be learnt by history, my fellow people, is to avoid falling into the trap of malice and pride. More importantly, do not be deluded by their false stories, for they are suffering from their own fault. For the self-hating Asian men with whom I sympathize greatly, who think neoteny is inferior, hear these last words for the true representation of the Aryan (East Asian) race: Aryan is divine. Aryan is superior. Aryan is pure. Aryan is the plan that should be followed. To our eyes we always knew that the toxic and impure were never Aryan from the beginning, nor could they come remotely close to being able to call themselves Aryan, a feeling in the intuition that comes alive when in the presence of such FAKE people. Little does the carnage-driven Mleccha, blinded by his undeserving privilege and ego, know that the truth shall soon come to all, and the vengeance of God shall befall them.

I examined the articles and videos about 'the tin can phone'. I concluded that all the articles and youtube videos about it are fake. But now let's understand why the tin can phone articles are bullshit. Let's examine wikipedias article en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin_can_telephone Basically they begin their article saying it works, without providing any technical prove. The whole article is anti-scientific bullshit. They say: "When the string is pulled taut and someone speaks into one of the cans, its bottom acts as a diaphragm, converting the sound waves into longitudinal mechanical vibrations which vary the tension of the string. " . In this quote, they deliberately and criminally omit what the material the string is made of, nor they point out the shape of the "cans". The waves on the string are not longitudinal. They insolently lie that the sound from those cans can travel by a ... textile rope. They lie that it can travel if that textile rope is twisted. Absolutely idiotic. Horrifying! Also, the sound waves reflect off the solid surfaces! To confirm this, i read some articles and found the formula. It is called Reflection coefficient. (there is also the transmission coefficient formula but I think it is not needed here). You cannot simply transmit sound from air to metal because of impedance mismatch. R=reflection coefficient and it is supposed to show how much sound reflects. [formula image] where p=density c=speed of sound z=impedance since z=p*c, then R=(z2-z1)/(z1+z2) where z is impedance for longitudinal. z=density * speed Zair=1.29 kg/m3 * 343 m/s = 442 Zsteel(the tin cans are made of steel)=7800 kg/m3 * 5790 m/s=45162000 Zwater=1000 kg/m3 * 1493 m/s=1493000 [airwater] Reflection coefficient , water and air = 99.9% of sound is reflected. [steelair] Reflection coefficient, steel and air= 99.9% of sound is reflected. There are 2 problems with this formula. When water flows in my copper pipes, the metal pipes make noise, we hear it, which means that the sound from the metal is transmitted into the air. Maybe the sound simply travels on the surface of solid objects? I did many tests. and conclusions are. The string should not be coated in varnish nor in paint, should not be stranded and it should be made of metal. It should be clean and stretched very tight. The string should not touch anything even a light touch stops the transverse wave on it. An observation is that when the sound wave travels on (or in?) a very thick metallic object such as a big thick industrial nail, a pipe, etc. the sound does not stop when something touches the object. This means that if we want the string to turn , let's say a 90 degrees turn, we must connect it to a ticker piece of metal , lets say a thick metallic rod, nailed to a wooden beam. And even in this case there might be losses. The resonator box. Of course my first tests were with the tin can and did not work. What worked was this shape. Only this shape [resonatorboximage] of the resonator box, made of juice box, converts longitudinal waves in the air to transverse waves in the string , transmits them from air in the solid string. I think, the walls of this resonator tremble probably because of the property of elasticity. The shape is similar to to the shape of the guitar. The sound on the other end of the string , mine was 10 meters long, was of bad quality, with an echo. The shape of the resonator chambers of the phonographs is horn, and men who own them should try this shape. Actually the text above barely matters, because this radiator can transmit sound into metal! This is probably because of resonance property. although it contradicts to the formula. Those 7.3 cm wide metal plates vibrate when I clap my hands. The sound travels in the pipes. [radiator] Either way the article on the wikipedia should be corrected, and the one who wrote it should be banned, fired and disenfranchised. A few comments about media. Video titled The WORLD's LONGEST TIN CAN PHONE! they kinda admitted their phone is non functional.