Leaderboard

Indeed. I also wasn't responding to you personally. Absolutely. I accepted a type iv pilus from a friendly giraffe earlier today, got a sweet new metabolic plasmid, and now I don't actually need to breathe air. I also ate a big lunch, but just replicated my circular genome and divided, and we felt great. It sure does. The Dean is sure going to be happy to hear that intro psych and microbiology are the same class. Gonna save the campus a bunch.

A note on the initial question @studiot; How can Shannon entropy decrease. It’s been a while since I encountered this so I did not think of it until now, it's practical case where Shannon entropy decreases as far as I can tell. The Swedish alphabet has 29 letters* ; the english letters a-z plus "å", "ä" and "ö". When using terminal software way back in the days the character encoding was mostly 7-bit ascii which lacks Swedish characters åäö. Sometimes the solution** was to simply 'remove the dots' so that “å”, “ä”, “ö” became “a”, “a”, “o”. This results in fewer symbols and increased probability of “a” and “o”. This result is a decreased Shannon entropy for the text entered into the program compared to the unchanged Swedish original. Note: I have not (yet) provided a formal mathematical proof so there’s room for error in my example. *) I’m assuming case insensitivity in this discussion **) another solutions was to use characters “{“, “}” and “|” from 7-bit ascii as replacements for the Swedish characters.

Actually buying is legal, but it is just so much more costly to do it properly. Why they went to jail is because instead of official donations they basically bribed their way to fake scores and fabricated athletic profiles. AFAIK Canada does not have a legacy system, but I would not be surprised if the student background plays into admissions.

Seems to me a central problem here would be defining poverty and its causal powers. While economic disadvantage can lead to learning disadvantage (home has fewer books and other cultural amenities, parents have less disposable income for music lessons, travel, etc), it is by no means certain. Mom could be a poet who reads to the kids every night and pushes creative writing and books and so on. Dad could be a champion of work ethic and showing kids all sorts of skills around the house. The examples are endless. And a wealthy family could have a child who is lazy, entitled, and opts to goof off. You really need to look at the individual and try to get a sense of how they respond to challenges. Bias arises from the ignorant application of broad categories to individual human beings. So it's never justified.

Well, that makes it easy then. When you ask "Am I wrong to pick the rich one?", simply look at the 'objective measure of right and wrong' and you'll have your answer. As it stands, we live in a society that behaves as if there is NO objective measure of right and wrong. The evidence for this is the diametrically opposed views on abortion, the death penalty, BLM, Trans rights, war, gay marriage, inter-racial marriage, taking kids from their parents at the border, hunting for sport, fishing for sport, the zoo, veganism, gender affirming care, and a list too long to post here. I thought I gave a direct answer to your direct question. Perhaps you wanted me to answer that 'laws' could stop you? To answer your question "should socioeconomic class be a protected characteristic?" my answer is: No - In private enterprise. Yes - in government hires, along with all other characteristics such as hair color, politics, etc. All decisions on hiring and firing should be based on performance.

Where did Jesus say he was not from this world? So far as I recall, he said, according to St John's gospel, "My kingdom is not of this world", (John 18:36) which is very different. More generally, almost all the information about Jesus that we have comes from religious texts (the New Testament), with very little corroboration from independent sources. That includes the accounts of miracles, which are reported events contrary to our experience and our science. So how do we know we can trust these sources?

I don't think it is so simple or so dark. The shaman/priests weren't usually the chiefs and whilst both might have status and power and interests in common each would be a check on the other. Lore and law often bound even the behavior of priests and chiefs. Our prehistoric ancestors were not simple brutes even if - as now - they were capable of brutality. I expect there were sincere and sometimes desperate efforts to call on spirits and gods for the good of the tribe as well as chiefs and dynasties that sought to lead well, with the support of their community. It wasn't always winner take all. And their communities were not powerless; bad things could happen to chiefs and priests that let everyone down.

Biological laboratories have every modern country (COVID-19 was discovered somewhere, after all).. If laboratories of no military significance are being bombed, it is no wonder that scientists fear the spread of viruses (such as COVID-19) that were in the lab.. An attack on a physics institute or nuclear reactor could lead to radioactive contamination of all of Eastern Europe.. "Russian forces have fired rockets at a physics institute in Kharkiv, which contains nuclear material and a reactor, Ukraine's national security service has claimed." "The Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology houses a nuclear research facility called Neutron Source, in the active zone of which 37 nuclear fuel cells are said to be loaded." https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/russia-kharkiv-nuclear-reactor-rocket-b2029663.html https://physicstoday.scitation.org/do/10.1063/PT.6.2.20220307a/full/ With current wind https://www.windy.com/?49.000,29.000,5 you will contaminate Crimea, Turkey, Georgia, and South and Central Russia.

There are universities and academic institutions in Ukraine. They conduct scientific research, including that in biology. Here is a list of Biology in Ukraine: 31 Best universities Ranked 2021 (edurank.org)

Bah. 5 threads on ONE subject is always welcome

Also legacy admissions.

This already happens and has for decades. It’s called raising tuition. It depends on the job, and whether lived experience might be relevant to future success.

Please do so. The universe has expande roughly 1040 times its original size since the recombination era of the CMB ( easily calculated by the ratio of Hydrogen ionization temperature to current CMB temperature, simple gas law ) If we use your simplistic approach that actually everything in the universe has shrunk about 1000 times, that applies to everything, not just atoms. Decreasing the radius of an object by half, while keeping density constant, .requires that its mass, proportional to the cube root of the radius, decreases to 1/8. If you claim that its mass only decreases to half the original weight, then its density must increase 4 times ( proportional to r2 ). According to your proposal, that would mean, that if everything shrank by about 1000 times, the the mass of planets, stars and galaxies has also decreased by about 1000 times, and that would mean they increased in density immensly. By a million times ! The majority of stars would be Black Holes by now. Maybe you should closely consider Markus' comments about scaling. Your theory doesn't seem to 'scale' very well.

Yes, this formula is correct. However, the equation (2) is not. Take for example r=2 objects and n=2 cells. There is only 1 way to distribute them with no empty cells, i.e. 1+1. But the equation (2) gives 2. This would be so if, for example, the objects were distinguishable.

Good topic +1 I vote for some of those whose work was (originally) stolen ( in no particular order ) Rosalind Franklin Lise Meitner Jocelyn Bell Eunice Foote Katherine Johnson and if I am allowed to include a Russian Sofia Kovalevskaia

Very interesting. +1 Also to @joigus for his latest thoughts. I had in mind to extend the bookcase/list example and you took (some of) the thoughts right out of my head. Information is certainly a slippery concept, which is why it is carefully specified (limited) in information theory and associated information entropy, so that case 3 for instance cannot arise within the theory. I was thinking that one needs definitions / explanations for Data Message Encoding Encryption Meaning and perhaps some other concepts I haven't thought of. to properly parse the various manifestations of information. I also has some new examples A field Marshall about to engage the enemy tells his general A that the plan is to attack at 3am. He will send a signal '1' if This is confirmed and a '0' if he is not to attack at 3am. A perfectly good message, but the situation is not the same as with the coin and squares game as it is open ended. A variation in a sort of entanglement occurs if a pincher movement in conjunction with general B is envisaged. Because general A will not only know what he himself is doing, but also general B's movements. A second new example concerns nautical ssignal flags. A certain asmiral operates the following practice. His flagship flies two signal flags. The top one carries the fleet number of the ship he is signalling. Underneath the second flag carries a sentence from section 5 of Maryat's signals book, say 'Report to Flag' Each flag is actually an easily distinguishable colour pattern. So the message is encoded twice, but not encrypted.

If you really think you have free will, you obviously haven’t been owned by a cat 🐈

I'll leave you to work out why I'm sending you a bill for a new irony meter. Way to miss the point, yet again, I'm not making excuses for anyone, I sympathise with the suffering that drove them, not the men they became. Putin reminded me of you, because people like you won't listen to reason (because you've been convinced by circumstance that you can't be wrong) and because your both people (innocent babies once upon a time...) Now who's being obtuse? Hitler never physically (hand's on) killed anyone, he never pulled the trigger and he probably never actually witnessed a person die. He persuaded ordinary people, like you and me, to do the dirty work, torture, genocide, murder etc. etc.

"I've been kicked out of every bar in the city for being too charming, witty and respectful."

For those who don't believe in human caused global warming, this is a topic that probably has little meaning. Hopefully there aren't many of those kinds of people around here. After all, this is a science forum. On the topic of free energy, the question to be asked is if the engineering aspect of it possible. From something I found, it seems to be. I will post a link to another forum that goes into the matter. I guess it will be up to the mods to decide which is more important. Free energy or that this topic was brought up in another forum. One that for the record I am not endorsing in any way. I guess we will find out

I spoke of the main reason. None of the others compare. But feel free to mention the "other reasons" if you want to.

You seem to disagree with me. In both bacteria and humans there is one driving factor. The need to reproduce. No matter what. You could call it an inherited trait. Inherited brain wiring or brain chemistry. It could very well be that you will develop health problems if you don't breed. Any of the philosophies any philosopher has ever come up with throughout history doesn't stand much chance against this inherited physiology. (But mine could) And any of the kinds of science discussed at this forum is only likely to exacerbate the problem. Also, as I was telling somebody else, this is the main reason behind religion. It gives people the ability to do whatever in the hell they want and justify doing so. What is the end result likely to be? Ever see the movie Soylent Green? Would you like to know the answer? That would require speaking the truth. Which the vast majority of people avoid like the plague. And the vast majority of forums won't allow to be spoken. Jesus was EVIL! Maybe not as evil as mohammed, but evil enough. To rearrange an old saying, you can commit more evil with honey than with vinegar.

Ok. I've had enough of you. Apparently a rational discussion is beyond you. Go haunt somebody elses thread. It is interesting how much effort some people will put into being wrong. I never said that religions didn't exist in the far past. In fact, in a reply to someone else I pointed out that religions of sorts probably existed before there were any humans around. I brought up a creature that I saw on an old nature show that appeared to be worshiping. And though I tried, there is no way to find out exactly what that creature was. Next, you don't need to spout a load of BS to try and explain the human condition. I will explain it as concisely as possible. Humans behave the same as bacteria. Basically, that makes us bacteria. So there it is. Does that simplify the situation enough for you?

There are biological laboratories in Ukraine where research is carried out. Izvestia "Ukraine has biological research facilities," RIA Novosti quotes Nuland. The Russian newspaper "The United States is working with Ukraine to prevent biological research materials from reaching Russian forces," Nuland said. Economy today Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Zhao Liqiang, commenting on information about US-funded biological laboratories in Ukraine, called on the US to clarify its activities on biological militarization at home and abroad. RIA Novosti