Firewood dries fastest when cut up and split, for maximum air circulation. OTOH, you don't want it drying out too much: wood that's been piled outdoors for two years burns so fast, we have to keep stoking the stove continuously, rather than be able to damp it down for a long smoulder. The best firewood we get is maple that's been cut up to 18"X10" max and seasoned from 6 months to a year.
If you want it for carving wood, the seasoning time is shorter, average an 6 weeks: when completely dry, it's too hard for hand-carving, but better for power carving; carve when green and it dries unevenly, and cracks.
For cabinetry, the optimal method of seasoning is to saw the green debarked lumber (sawmills normally spray their logs with water) into boards along the grain, stack them on an even surface with slats between layers to allow air circulation, and seal the cut ends. They should dry for one full year or longer, during which time, it's a good idea to restack the boards in a different orientation, to stop warping.
We have some dead elms still standing after a couple of years, and they're hard as steel. They'd make a good raft or scaffolding, but a devil to cut. The other danger to standing dead trees is bird and insect damage. If the termites move in, you might not get any use out of the wood.