Leaderboard

I don't need to read your book because I know algebra. If your universe allows FTL, and if causality is not violated in your universe, then algebra shows that special relativity does not apply in your universe. Then your universe is not the universe we live in. The End.

OK. By the way the anthocyanins in my red fruit turn blue just rinsed with water - before any detergent is added. So the water itself is sufficiently alkaline to do it. From looking it up, I see the pH of London water is in the range 8.0-8.5.

Yes I would definitely use deionised water and a fresh, untreated cabbage. But I've never done this myself, I should stress. My experience is only in the kitchen, where I find the juice from red fruits goes distinctly blue when I rinse dishes. Almost all of them get the purple colour from anthocyanins, I believe, from blackcurrants to aubergines and red cabbage, so the same behaviour is expected, modified only by whatever acidity there may be in the fruit or vegetable involved.) The reason for the colour change is quite interesting. These are conjugated ring systems with extensively delocalised π-orbitals. Protonation and deprotonation alters the bonding and thereby changes the energy gap between ground and first excited state, so that the molecule absorbs a different chunk of the visible spectrum.

There is work being done around that situation. Wikipedia has a very interesting page on various direct energy conversion research including high enerergy protons, and in the fission field as well as fusion. "In 1992, a Japan–U.S. joint-team proposed a novel direct energy conversion system for 14.7 MeV protons produced by D-3He fusion reactions, whose energy is too high for electrostatic converters." [18] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_energy_conversion

I have mentioned this many times in the past; frames of reference are very important in relativity. Considering an event from the wrong frame usually yields nonsense, and has led to much confusion in past threads. Leaving aside the fact that a FtL ship is already capable of violating causality, it may, in fact, be possible for a FtL ship to send a FtL message without violating causality, but only in the frame of that FtL ship. That doesn't change the fact that it will violate causality for every other timelike observer who is not in that particular frame. That is also what a space-time diagram does, Moon. It separates the timelike ( where events are separated by an interval which allows for causal connection) from the spacelike ( FtL domain where events cannot affect other events ) by the lightlike line ( the SoL ). A 3dimensional representation would be a light cone.

The FTL signal doesn’t violate causality for the sender and receiver. The violation appears when you add the moving observer.

These show different ranges in detail but in all cases the pH is 8 +/- 0.2or so. So red cabbage should be blueish, if there are no acids around to distort it. But as @John Cuthber points out, at such a neutral pH, very small changes in H+ concentration have have a big effect on the value, so any traces of acid contamination can alter it quite a bit.

Have you seen the ocean world map? https://www.google.com/search?q=seawater+world+map+ph

The "ship" can be just another planet with people on it. Then causality is violated.

Ok, I'm more than happy to admit my error, I will apologise for my accusation towards you. It's not about reinvention though is it? I was just pointing out that any presumption whether its more likely or not is a presumption. Just because a mundane presumption is more appealing than a sensational one doesn't automatically qualify ahead. The null starting point is exactly that null. No presumptions, just a set of assumed odds based on previous experience. In my line of work I do many investigations over a variety of subjects, environments, disciplines. I have learnt from experience that you cannot start any investigation with any presumption, even when you have an initial assumption (gut feeling from experience). Sometimes the sensational (though admittedly rare) pops up very unexpected.

"They" would probably need to raid silos. Producing materiel that is refined enough to make a nuclear explosion is not a trivial undertaking and requires expertise, high tech equipment and a fair amount of time.

Paul, when I cook red cabbage the problem is to stop it turning blue when I sweat it with butter or add any water (I live in a hard water area). The normal way to do this in cookery is by adding acid, e.g slices of apple, or vinegar. How did you prepare the indicator? Did you buy a fresh red cabbage and extract the anthocyanin yourself, or does it come from something in a jar. If the latter, it will almost certainly have some sort of acidifier in it, to keep the colour.

Seawater is typically slightly alkaline, but poorly buffered. There isn't much in it (apart from salt). So adding small amounts of acids or bases to it will change its pH by a large amount. And, if your red cabbage indicator has much vinegar in it, you will overwhelm the small amount of alkali in the seawater and the mixture will end up acidic.

You need either need huge war power or huge economic power to enforce a no-nukes restriction. Ideally both. Another path, if there was a time when a more global coalition could really come together on no nukes, would be for nations to consider the budgeting joys of not maintaining a nuke arsenal. Such arsenals are hideously expensive. Samuel Beckett couldn't have come up with a scenario more absurd than hundreds of billions spent to maintain something you can never use. Conventional modern warfare is absurd enough. Nukes are absurdity cubed. Sell leaders on all the low carbon energy to be had from all that plutonium. More dystopian: A terrible global economic collapse that reduced all nations to poverty could do the job - no one could afford to keep the nuke thing going. Unfortunately such a collapse would likely also mean government incapacity to disassemble the warheads and safely process and secure all that plutonium, so you could have the terrorist nightmare of militant splinter groups raiding ICBM silos and the like.

Which would understand a human, better? There is no programme for trying to understand how to be a human, but there's plenty about how to exploit human's (mostly by capitalist's); and that just about encapsulates the OP and the dangers of AI; it has nothing to do with any sort of intent from a computer/lawnmower. Or anthill... That's the alien part of the OP 😉

That's absolute rubbish. Where's your evidence? They could easily have retaken Georgia. But didn't. They stopped when they had control of areas that had mostly Russian populace, who had been under attack. And haven't done anything since. Crimea they re-took, but Ukraine and Crimea are a special case. Ukraine has historically been a region of Russia for centuries, and Crimea only became part of Ukraine as a meaningless gesture to Krushchev (a Ukrainian), on his birthday. About thirty years ago, Ukraine was given independence in a gesture of goodwill, and gave in return assurances that the Russian Black Sea Fleet would have continuous access to Sevastopol, and Ukraine would stay neutral. Since both of those commitments were going to be abandoned, the Russians could either roll over and take it, or do something. They chose the latter. Your claim that they intend to take back all of the former Soviet states is pure empty imagination, straight out of your own head.

FTL would go below...As u move towards space axis it becomes FTL,then FTL,then FTL...that's you are still 'on' space axis as you move infinitely towards it....once 'in' it movement becomes instantaneous (inside the space axis) When the frames themselves are conscious....they will know/are aware what is happening and no causality violation...or it simply doesn't exist to them. There is still hope to the contrary...based on reexaming of basic framework of the universe....mmm that concept of consciousness-emptiness as the fundamental it allows FTL and FFTL(faster and further than light speed)...I know u will tell me that's not science but it reproduces scientific concepts perfectly well..if so if it's not science I don't know what it is. That's correct. But spacetime fabric claim existence in it's own right(-not the rubber thing or floor mat analogy-...in this case fabric made up of spacetime particles ('virtual particles') whose fundamental constituent is consciousness and Emptiness). I expect a lot of thumb downs esp from people who don't comprehend it and those who have been bound to reason within being born and dying.