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You get the book answer if you use 100 mph instead of 100 km/hour.

The issue I see here is that many folks conflate the various issues. And suddenly somehow everything is being explained by evolution, like a magic theory for everything. "I am being an arse because evolution made me to do so, please come to my TED talk."

I wondered that and agree. Here is the modifed spreadsheet

I agree that this would be the best Excel can do, and Excel is the best way I have for handling multidigit numbers. However since wee are talking about the difference between the last four digits to two eleven digit numbers, not to mention the loss involved in the quotients, there will be a lot of variation depending upon calculation method.

Slang for names is partly bonding, but it can also be used to highlight or hide special relationships. You might introduce yourself to others as Mister McDonald, but I get to call you Mack, or perhaps I've nicknamed you The Farmer so I can make reference without actually naming you, and only those who know you equally well will understand. A lot of slang is used to hide meaning to avoid trouble or judgement. In that way, it can be a survival tactic. You can't prove I was bad-mouthing the king when I said "His Nibs couldn't find his arse with both hands!" A modern equivalent in the US is "tea" meaning "gossip", as in "we spilled some tea together". I'm honestly unsure of the correlation to evolution. Certainly the genes that give us cooperative and communicative tendencies are at play here, but I'm not sure there's evidence that slang has, as CharonY puts it, been actually encoded into our genes.

It has to be clear. No entrapment.

But you are not using muon catalysis, are you?

It would have to be a statement of intent with the option of acceptance or refusal, before anyone joins the forum. Something like: Do you agree to having your ratings and comments monitored for the purpose for research? Then you'd have to explain who does the monitoring, for what reason, and what privacy safeguards are guaranteed. Including the promise of not reading comments by people who opt out. I'm not sure anyone who actually read the site guidelines would still join, or if they did, whether they would make use of the rating and comment option. After all, there is no anonymity behind the scenes; a mod can out you at any time. (I've seen that happen.)

Chinese cats tend to say "mao" instead of "meow," for example.

Some conditions, like sensory processing disorder often found in autism, respond to a sensation of pressure on the body. I haven't dived, and I don't know if it produces such a sensation on the body. But it could maybe work like weighted blankets and other methods that supply reassuring pressure. Sometimes called deep pressure therapy (DPT). It supplies proprioceptive input that is helpful. Thanks for cool photo.

Or you can use a non-rigid container, for example, bellows- and not worry about the expansion/ contraction. You really can't beat water for heat capacity. In the other hand, if you allow phase changes, you can do even better. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_sulfate#Heat_storage

Whereas jargon is specialized vocabulary used by those inside established social groups, often defined by professional status (e.g. legal jargon), slang is more typically used among those who are outside established higher-status groups. Slang, or “colloquial speech,” describes words or phrases that are used instead of more everyday terms among younger speakers and other groups with special interests. The word bucks (for dollars or money) has been a slang expression for more than a hundred years in the United States, but the addition of mega- (“a lot of”) in megabucks is a more recent innovation, along with dead presidents (whose pictures are on paper money) and benjamins (from Benjamin Franklin, on $100 bills). According to one recent description, “Slang is a highly informal and unconventional type of vocabulary. It is perceived as deeply expressive, attractively catchy, and deliberately undignified” (Widawski, 2015: 8). Like clothing and music, slang is an aspect of social life that is subject to fashion, especially among adolescents. It can be used by those inside a group who share ideas and attitudes as a way of distinguishing themselves from others. As a marker of group identity during a limited stage of life such as early adolescence, slang expressions can “grow old” rather quickly. Older forms for “really good” such as groovy, hip and super were replaced by awesome, rad and wicked which gave way to dope, kickass and phat. A hunk (“physically attractive man”) became a hottie and, instead of something being the pits (“really bad”), the next generation thought it was a bummer, harsh!, or said, That’s sucky!. The difference in slang use between groups divided into older and younger speakers provides some of the clearest support for the idea that age is another important factor involved in the study of social variation in language use. Yule, George. The Study of Language (p. 295). Cambridge University Press.

I’d genuinely like you to show me instead of just acting like an ass, but I readily acknowledge that has nearly a zero probability of happening (previously summarized by saying you’re posting in bad faith)

Professor Gilden?!? When did you change your first name to Steve? Depends on the nature of the research. For things where harm is unlikely, they only need to be given the opportunity to be informed, but can sign off without first being forced to comprehend. There are usually institutional review boards overseeing such things. Is there a particular problem you have with me? Thanks for the neg rep. Please stop abusing the PM system and instead keep the conversation here out in the open.

What is your metric for rudeness? Is it binary yes/no, or does it have different intensities along a scale? Who gets to decide these ratings, and how is bias removed or minimized before averages and analyses get conducted? It needs to allow consent to be informed. These aren’t new questions (see also previous comments about reinvented wheels) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5980471/

Okay, if you read the whole topic you would know that I have developed this theory and it is different now! It doesn't matter anymore! stay in the present!

I’m the guy that taught you what reporting bias is. I hope you get that epic chip off your shoulder some day. Bye. Thanks! Would it still be considered informed consent if they didn’t read it, and it was just buried somewhere in the terms and conditions? Or does it have to be patently obvious?

Nope. If you are going to pretend to be that ignorant, then I'll leave you in bliss.

Shoot a bunch of gluons at an atom to see when a decay chain happens Guys, there is no logical way to prove it. We would have to do something impossible. Another easier thing i guess is to build a nuclear reactor but that is highy unneccessary!