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It's average kinetic energy of a random motion of molecules. We cannot boil water by running around a kettle, unfortunately. Temperature measurements themselves are not affected. I want to point to the origin of this OP. It started with this exercise from MTW: My explanation above is my partial answer to the question at the end. I've added the conditions of uniform temperature in the OP to make the second term on the right vanish. OTOH, I've added in my explanation the gravitational time dilation effect, which is not considered in the exercise. Thank you for the last remark.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrete_calculus

🙂 Hopefully we we wprk it out for BB in the end I admire your steadfastness so far.

I'd also add cellular automata (maybe rule 30) to invoke the idea that we can have simple and precisely known rules which generate unpredictable iterations in order to communicate an intuition as to why at a high level we don't know how deep learning architectures produce their outputs.

Indeed. One should add in addition to human nature, the system plays a major role. And while bad times tends to make simple populism more palatable, it is more important that folks feel threatened (regardless whether it is true or not). The migrant crisis has caused political turmoil in Europe, despite the apparently relatively modest effect (economic or otherwise) on broader society. I.e. the perceived impact was higher than the actual one. Also historically one of the great lessons of German education was that kids learned that Nazis were not just a bunch of bloodthirsty madmen. They were, by all accounts, regular people who operated in a system which normalized industrialized murder of people. As such, it is often easy to imagine that one would be one of the good guys, but the reality is likely going to be very different.

A lot of people who find the holocaust horrible today, would have participated at the time. We're all a product of our social environment. I'm 73. When I was young, it would have been unthinkable that homosexual people ( the polite expression at the time ) could marry or adopt, or even hold a public position. You could hear the words "nigger" or "coon" in sitcoms, admittedly spoken by lowlife characters. But to say "fuck" on the air was unthinkable. Now you hear fuck all the time, but the racial slurs are absolutely barred, even in jest. All good stuff, but they are just examples of fundamental culture changes that are all good. But the people haven't changed, it's the culture that's changed. Take people born today, transport them back to the Nazi era, and they would do the same. Nazi Germany grew out of desperate times. People act differently under pressure. They tend to pick on anyone who stands out as different, and blame them for their problems. It's still happening in India, Bangladesh, Burma, China, and not too long ago in Northern Ireland. Those are just examples, not the whole picture. The common factor is human nature, it hasn't gone away, and it's not just Nazis on Jews.

11 12 54 69 72. those numbers have nothing to do with each other. But why did I put them on screen? I came up with an idea in my mind. What if we could take a random set of numbers, rearange them from lowest to highest. And find a sort of "Rate" at which they are changing. I am not speaking "Rate" In a literal sense. I just wonder if there could be a connection between those numbers. Idk why I though of this. I am going insane. But please help me with this