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Exactly. I didn't want to open that can of worms, but I agree. How can you get any picture at all of a sample space (and its odds) that you've never probed, and never will?

P ( A | A ) = 1

Here is another way. The distance to the Sun and its angular size let you find its diameter. Now you have two unknowns, the distance to the Moon and its diameter. You need two equations. The picture gives you one equation based on the equal angular sizes of the Sun and the Moon. If you can measure the time between the Moon touching the Sun and the moment in the picture, it gives you time that takes the Moon to move the distance equal to its diameter. We know how long it takes the Moon to move the entire length of its orbit around the Earth. Comparing these two times gives you the second equation. Then you solve two equations with two unknowns.

If I understand the task correctly... it is to estimate the moon distance on that exact day (it should be somewhere between 362600 and 405400km). You can take the moon and sun diameter (both fixed) from any external source.... The interesting part, imo, would be to estimate the error of your calculation.

If you knew the exact time and date of the picture, and where it was taken. And you also had a second similar picture from elsewhere, and knew the time date etc for that one, I think you could triangulate the position of the moon by assuming the sun is "very far away". But I think that's doing it the hard way.

It’s not enough information. The moon could be large and close to the sun, or small and close to earth, or anywhere in between. You just know that the angular size is about the same.

Sun diameter = 1.392x10^6 km Moon diameter = 3475 km Earth to Moon distance = 152036000 / 1.392x10^6 * 3475 = 380000 km

Great song! An earworm for me in the early eighties. Good blend of social comment, funk, reggae. Don't know if I recall this rightly, but wasn't there some street in Brixton that was the first to have electric lights, hence it was named that.

Newsflash: De Beers buys diamond planet to preserve gem prices.

Super-Earth Planet Likely Made of Diamond | Space

Would this be your point ? Because if so how do you account for the intricate patterns that arise quite naturally in Nature, without any intelligent design whatsoever? I agree that at one time some of these were afforded mystical significance, but only cranks do that today.