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Please tell us more when you reply as more detail makes it easier to help. Differentiation is a process. A differential is the result of that process. (That is differential as a noun) But differential as an adjective refers to the difference between two values eg the differential pressure between inside and outside = (inside pressure - outside pressure) But there is considerably more required to understand things. Why is this posted in homework help ? Is this really homework or are you asking about mathematical theory, in which case you will attract more attention and answers if you placed it in the mathematics section.

Yes. From Wiki about Andromeda–Milky Way collision: Taking also into account the Sun's motion, Andromeda's tangential or sideways velocity with respect to the Milky Way was found to be much smaller than the speed of approach (consistent with zero given the uncertainty) and therefore it will eventually merge with the Milky Way in around 5 billion years.

When you track how fast you're driving in your car down the highway, do you account for the backpressure applied to your windshield from the wing flap of a mosquito?

Why we are publishing disturbing content from AR-15 mass shootings (msn.com)

I can see it. It's probably region-restricted if one can't see it. Even though it is graphic enough for me, for your average Republican hill-billy/red neck/trailer trash I don't think it's explicit enough. Consider that many younger people are decimating characters in their games in the most explicit ways possible. It's too tame.

They're wild 'feral' - descendants of cultivated trees - and their fruit will resemble that of a parent that was grafted on, not the rootstock. If the graft was a hybrid, the offspring may be like either of the originals or sterile. The rootstock has no part in the reproductive process. No. Heirloom plants have been propagated through pollination by the same variety for generations. That doesn't mean they were not all grafted onto hardier rootstock: all that matters are the flowers, fruit and seed. No, they would have to breed true in order to be considered a varietal. Does what happen? Genetic deviation? Yes, in all species of plants and animals. But these mutations are uncommon, sometimes unnoticeable, sometimes detrimental, sometimes beneficial. Botanists look for the beneficial deviants and use them for pollinators, so as to improve a strain or create a new variant. Both would be grafted onto a hardy quince or other specially designed pome fruit tree. Peaches and plums would be grafted onto a suitable stone fruit tree. Yes, you can have several different species on one trunk.

If we're looking into the engineering behind certain verses, can we figure out how one could become a pinball wizard playing by sense of smell?

INSURRECTION DAY II - THE SEQUEL (reposted by Donald Trump)