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Fractional distillation under a vacuum is all I can offer. Yes, fatty acids found in nature do tend to have an even number of carbon atoms because they are biosynthesised from two-carbon units (acetyl-CoA).

Right. Which is what Hamas and those that backed them in their latest terror attack on Israel wanted. Maybe not the completeness of the violent retaliation, but certainly the re-igniting of the hatred toward Israel. I agree both sides have blood on their hands. I just don't see what other options either side has available given the hatred of Israel by all those that have suffered from it's creation and existence, historically and recently. Certainly Israel cannot trust terrorists with clearly stated objectives to eliminate their existence, yet there seems to be little they can do to eliminate the threat without using means that would perpetuate it. Both sides, for the most part, were born with the problem.

! Moderator Note In measurement, i.e. degrees of arc, it is defined this way. It’s not based on earth rotation. I can’t tell if you’re overthinking the problem, or underthinking it, but ranting with an agenda is bad faith posting. Science and math don’t defer to your whims. Get over it.

There are some painful truths here (Mack's post included a couple that apparently stung, DV cancelled because blunt opinions are allowed here). Biden was always going to support Israel - every US president has entered office with the understanding that the US is a longterm ally of Israel and that the alliance has long been important to our weapons industries, to the American Jewish community of 8 million people, and to many of the large donors that almost every POTUS has depended on to win. Yes, these influences can lead to our morally smelly policies regarding a Far Right Israeli militant government that seems to think dispossession, bullying, lockdowns, carpet bombing civilian areas, and severe economic repression are all legitimate instruments of foreign policy. Hamas is the twisted child that grows from that kind of violent soil. If the Presidents were not bought from day one, there could be one who pushed a different approach, e.g. defunding Israel until it starts to learn actual diplomacy and other nonviolent tools. As it is, North Gaza is essentially destroyed, over a million are homeless and facing a grim future in refugee camps, and....this is ridding the world of Hamas how? This is just insuring a robust version of Hamas 2.0 that will regroup in sympathetic nations, raise money from donors whose hatred of Israel has only been ratcheted up, and prepare for the next stage of war.

It matters if you're the one whose rights is pitted against one of a machine's.

We almost never see light of a single frequency. Such light is called monochromatic light. Almost all our light sources generate a range of frequencies. Most depend upon the temperature of the body, the whiter the light it generates. When white light falls on anything some of that light is absorbed and some is reflected, but not all frequencies are either absorbed or reflected equally. In fact some frequencies are removed all together. So the incoming light is almost always a misture of a large numbr of frequencies. We do not have receptors in our eyes for all these frequencies, in fact, we have three different receptors, each sensive to a small range of frequencies. Some animals have only two receptor types and some only one. The strength of the signal (to the brain) from each of these types of sensor depends upon the strength of the light in the mixture that fall within its particular range. The brain then interprets this combination of signals as what we call a 'colour'. This combination can be replicated artificially using light sources filtered to produce light corresponding to our receptor ranges. The three are called the base coulours and the entire range of colours that can be distinguished or seen by out eyes. The base colours are red, green and blue. The entire range of colours is called the colour gamut or colour space These links might help https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamut https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_space

If I were to guess (there seem some translation difficulties), I think you are saying that in some measurements, light has particle-like properties. When light strikes a retinal cell, there is a photon of a certain energy that interacts with a retinal pigment - this is the measurement part of human perception. This form of measurement physics would interpret as a particle interacting with a molecule of pigment. Color is a perception artifact that arises from neurological processes farther along the causal line. It is, as you said, "created" by our mind as part of its ongoing process of making models of what's happening in the external world. It assigns certain subjective properties, e.g. "blueness," to a measurement of 450-495 nm light striking the retina. The part relevant to quantum theory would be that light strikes a receptor, like the retinal cell, with only certain specific energies, as if it were not continuous waves but also discrete packets bearing a specific energy. The receptor pigment molecule energy does not change continuously, as would happen with a pure wave-like interaction, but rather rises in discrete jumps. Hence, "particle" becomes the term of convenience. However if we looked at the light beam passing through the cornea and lens, then it would be more useful to see it as an optical phenomenon i.e. waves.

Can you elaborate on the bolded? General: As far as I'm concerned, if an organism can perform an action against a strong impulse to do otherwise, that's free will. Free will is having the ability to modulate subconsciously-sourced signals. The flow of signals is not linear, so talking about which level has temporal primacy means nothing because the subconscious and the conscious are part of the same whole organism. As an analogy: Where is the beginning/end of a circle?

No, it doesn't. Only the time coordinates are involved in the coordinate transformation. If the original metric describes a flat three-dimensional space, then the transformed metric will be a scalar function multiple of the Minkowskian metric: guv = ƒ(t) ηuv Consider: (ds)² = (c dt)² – a(t)² ((dx)² + (dy)² + (dz)²) t = ƒ(t') ; x = x' ; y = y' ; z = z' dt = ∂t/∂t' dt' + ∂t/∂x' dx' + ∂t/∂y' dy' + ∂t/∂z' dz' = dƒ(t')/dt' dt' dx = ∂x/∂t' dt' + ∂x/∂x' dx' + ∂x/∂y' dy' + ∂x/∂z' dz' = dx' dy = ∂y/∂t' dt' + ∂y/∂x' dx' + ∂y/∂y' dy' + ∂y/∂z' dz' = dy' dz = ∂z/∂t' dt' + ∂z/∂x' dx' + ∂z/∂y' dy' + ∂z/∂z' dz' = dz' dƒ(t')/dt' = a(ƒ(t')) Solve for ƒ(t'), then let A(t') = dƒ(t')/dt' = a(ƒ(t')) Then: (ds)² = A(t')² ((c dt')² – (dx')² – (dy')² – (dz')²) .............................. For example, let a(t) = k t. Then: (ds)² = (c dt)² – (k t)² ((dx)² + (dy)² + (dz)²) dƒ(t')/dt' = k ƒ(t') ƒ(t') = exp(k t' + C) where C is an arbitrary constant. A(t') = k exp(k t' + C) (ds)² = (k exp(k t' + C))² ((c dt')² – (dx')² – (dy')² – (dz')²)

Like that matters when the only truth is the one people end up accepting “Machines can never be conscious because they work via algorithms” ”nope if they act conscious then they are deserving of rights, and if any human being ends up losing in court against one we’ll punish that rights-violating human” ”but that’s a violation of human rights” ”huh? No idea what you’re crazily rambling about. Now scram” “But the underlying nature of artifacts and algorithms-“ *escorted outside*

What about the 2024 election? I had a vision there was trouble, but I didn't guess who was the victim Warning, warning, it was a warning, we are living on borrowed time

"six of whom largely supported Democrats and six of whom generally supported Republicans" So basically they would cancel out. And presidential candidates are not relying on the same donors, which was the implication of the previous assertion. ETA: and there's a big asterisk on the numbers "The $3.4 billion from the 12 biggest donors amounts to one in every $13 that all federal campaigns and outside groups raised over the past decade, the analysis shows. Roughly $1.4 billion of that came from the self-funding of the unsuccessful 2020 presidential campaigns of Bloomberg L.P. founder Michael Bloomberg and hedge fund manager Tom Steyer -- with Bloomberg alone dropping more than $1 billion of his own money into his historically expensive presidential bid." So 40% of the contributions were from self-funding of campaigns, and not anyone trying to influence elections because of support for Israel. And that's not the president. A local elected official in a town of 40,000 has no say in foreign policy (that election was for a parish sheriff in Louisiana). —- As to an earlier comment, if a US president were to withhold or restrict aid, would Israel listen to us? What would be the incentive to get to a result that we wanted? Like a cease-fire. Or beyond. Consider that other countries with different agendas, contrary to the US’s, might be willing to step in and replace it.

WTF does whether or not using ones real name have to do with the veracity of what one says? You need to learn how science works.

What are you some kind of machinist?

It's a waste of time expecting anything other than complete and utter support for Israel from any US president. They are bought and paid for behind the scenes long before they get elected. They might make a few cautionary statements when stuff is kicking off, but that's just to keep up the pretence of fairness. In the USA, you get what you pay for, and Biden was purchased years ago. As was Trump. Not just in money, but in Jewish votes. If they didn't take the deal, they probably wouldn't get elected.

All of your citations and argument's are providing evidence that what is impossible, is that we could ever know if a machine is conscious, not that it's impossible to achieve. Maybe you should read some Asimov.

Maybe someone should stop reading sci-fi and read textbooks instead. Start with the AI textbook quoted in my original article.

Anyone who can separate themselves from personal opinions about the world today and assume a perspective that is all inclusive can see that the world is controlled by the wealthy elite who belong to Zionist groups based in Israel. The USA has become a sword in the hands of the Zionists who hide behind the Jewish culture and exert their will by proxy and believe this keeps their hands clean from the blood that has been spilled in the name of an illegal state spliced on top of Palestine and called Israel. These people state that Israel is the only legal state ever founded because the founding members have law degrees. Most of these peoples degrees were awarded as "Honorary" and it is obvious that these people bent the laws and created new law to meet the needs of their Zionist bosses. They claim antisemitism when they are only one of several Semitic people. Palestinians and Arabs are Semitic and are suffering at the hands of the Zionist groups who are guilty of every charge they accuse others of. Over 2-3 hundred years these people have used resentments and embellished slights of the past to justify and motivate "Jews" all over the world to follow the Talmud, a book written not long ago and meant to be a means of directing Jews to come together in unity against the evil "Goyim", earn money and educate their children as Lawyers, Doctors and Bankers to prepare for the day when they will rule the world. Through manipulative means the wealthiest Zionists in the banking trade have created and implemented a new global economic system that is debt based and controlled by way of The Federal Reserve Banking System that exists in every country with a first world economy. The fed is not owned by the country it is in but is privately owned by the top teer Zionists such as the infamous Rothschilds who became ultra wealthy in the early 19th century. They convinced nations to end the "Gold Standard" banking system that considers a country's tangible wealth when giving loans. With the new system a country can borrow as much as it wants as long as it signs a contract of compound interest and other fees IN PERPETUITY, meaning they pay the debt off FOREVER. This is the motivation behind Feminism. To get as many people working and paying taxes, not to gain equal rights for women. Anyone with a brain can see that throughout the twentieth century things have been manipulated to gain as much power and sympathy as possible so illegal things like the invasion of Palestine would be tolerated. If anyone with a brain and knows basic math were to look at The Holocaust they would instantly notice that gassing and cremating 6 million people in 4-5 years is impossible, even today it takes approximately 40 minutes to cremate one body. Even if it took the same time in the 40's it would take decades to get to 6 million. Do the math yourself and realize that stacking bodies on yop of each other makes the process take longer than one at a time. The Matrix movie is a interpretation of our reality today. We are sources of energy and wealth, nothing more.