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The Periodic Table Hmm - An interesting place to start your study of chemical bonding. To have any sort of periodic table at all it was necessary to identify enough different 'elements' to arrange. This was achieved between the late 17 hundreds and the early 18 hundreds. At that time there was no such idea as 'atomic number' (ask if you need to know what this is). Known elements were arranged by atomic weight - although this was not as easy as it seemed and the first Internation Conference in Chemistryheld in 1860 was intended to produce proper definitive definitions for 'atom', 'molecule', 'radical' and 'equivalent' but ended without achieving this. However some of the participants, including Mendeleyev, left with the the suggestion by Cannizzaro to abandon the weight order. Chemists up to that time has followed the classical mathematical connection between music (yes music in the guise of harmonic scales) and science. There was Dobereiner's triads or rule of 3 Triad 1. Lithium: Sodium: Potassium: ... Triad 2. Calcium: Strontium: Barium: ... Triad 3. Chlorine: Bromine: Iodine: ... Triad 4. Sulfur: Selenium: Tellurium: ... Triad 5. Iron: Cobalt: Nickel: and Newlands rule of rule of octaves which led to the first 'periodic table' https://byjus.com/chemistry/newlands-law-octaves/ https://www.simply.science/images/content/chemistry/structure_of_matter/dev_of_periodic_table/conceptmap/Newlands_Law.html Following the switch to 'atomic number' Mendeleyev was able to place the 63 known elements in their proper position in a table. But they did not know why or about the other 55 naturally occurring elements ( or the radioactive ones). Since that time there have been many attempts to extend the table and it has been found necesary to split the original 8 columns to incorporate new subcolumns. Different arrangements do this differently. Have you ever been to the Science Museum ? It is really worth a visit if you can get there, here is their offering on the subject. https://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/objects-and-stories/chemistry/developing-modern-periodic-table-spirals-stars OK so where are we today ? Well we are moving away from periodic tables of chemical properties alone, bearing in mind radioactivity and what we now know about the structure of the atom. A new term 'nuclide' has entered the scene and the 'table' often now takes the form of a plot N (the number of neutrons) against Z (the number of protons) This is known as a Segre Chart https://www.radiologycafe.com/frcr-physics-notes/basic-science/atomic-structure/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_of_nuclides

I seriously suggest you satrt a new thread to ask about bonding. There will be plenty of help there available and worthwhile descrepitions can be offered at your level. Remember bonding is a Chemistry subject, so you should post there.

A man entered a local paper’s pun contest. He sent in 10 different puns, in the hope that at least one of the puns would win. Unfortunately, no pun in 10 did.

What if god is just a scam that promotes a brand of chaos that allows men to justify/denounce any behavior they want? What if god is the nasty root of patriarchal exploitation, aggression, and greed? What if god is the sole obstacle to humans deciding to live in a peaceful, cooperative society that practices a more horizontal morality, focusing on those beside us rather than those above or below us?