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“Something extraordinary happened on Earth around 10 million years ago, and whatever it was, it left behind a “signature” of radioactive beryllium-10. This finding, which is based on studies of rocks located deep beneath the ocean, could be evidence for a previously-unknown cosmic event or major changes in ocean circulation. With further study, the newly-discovered beryllium anomaly could also become an independent time marker for the geological record.” https://physicsworld.com/a/radioactive-anomaly-appears-in-the-deep-ocean/ A couple of nits, though “Because beryllium-10 has a half-life of 1.4 million years, it is possible to use its abundance to pin down the dates of geological samples that are more than 10 million years old.” 10 million would be ~7 half-lives. Much longer than that would be increasingly tough to pin down since you are decreasing signal/noise. So while you could get results a bit beyond 10 mya, it’s not good for arbitrarily long ages. It also says B-10and Be-10 have the same mass, but they differ slightly which is my their mass spectrometer could distinguish them.

Don't if you have seen this (or can read the poor copy) but there is a lot of this kind of thing circulating in the UK right now Oh there will be plenty of MAGA groups happy to make these threats, I've no doubt. And nobody will be able to pinpoint who, precisely, has suggested which politicians to threaten. The next step will be to threaten judges on the same basis.

If I say that the path of that photon passed close by the Sun before I measured it, then the mass of the sun would cause it to take a curved (longer) path, described in Einsteins General theory, thereby causing that bending effect? And if I used Newtonian physics to try and calculate the same path, it would not agree (with General Relativity) because Newtonian physics does not account for mass/gravity causing deformations in space? Also, with the photon being massless (therefore travelling at c in a vacuum) does this mean that a particle with mass would be affected more or is the curvature of Spacetime the only factor?

https://fhafnb.com/blog/cultured-milk/

Well humans have known for thousands of years that milk 'goes off' if you try to store it in the ordinary atmousphere. And they further found out that the warmer the climate the quicker this happens. But one day some genius (we don't know who or when) found out that there were two types of "going off". One type led to definitely unpalatable, posibly poisonous, result. The other type tasted different but not unpalatable and seemed nourishing. A further benefit accrued in that the eatable fermented products lasted longer, especially in warmer climates. Today we have identified the many different organisms that cause either type of of fermentation and can produce a huge range of fermented or cultured products. Equally today we can preserve ordinary milk for comparable periods so it becomes largely a matter of personal taste. Because we have some of these organisms or similar naturally in our own gut which play a part in our own digestion, consumed cultered products may help those with weak intestines or after illness. Originally these products were made exclusively from millk and the organisms and flavourings. But today many manufacturers substitute cheaper ingredients such as cornflour, gelatin or even air to increase their profits. Finally some products contain the organisms still live, most have have dead organisms killed by a pastuerisation process.

The short answer is : He didn't. Avogadro was a lawyer turned Physicist. He was not a chemist. Although in his day there was not real distinction between Physics and Chemistry. I see you have some other names in your list. During the end of the 17hundreds and into the early 18hundreds what are known as 'the gas laws' were discovered and some of the these were associated with Torricelli and Boyle. There was a problem however in that careful weight measurements could not be reconciled with the idea that each element had a smallest particle called an atom. In 1811 Avogadro published a paper in French (although he was Italian) which now appears in every school textbook as At the same temperature and pressure equal volumes of gas contain the same number of molecules. Avogadro did not use the word molecule in our modern sense he meant particle. But he did include the words "if you assume that the smallest particles of an element may be made up of more than one atom. " This and our modern version make up Avogadro's Hypothesis. An Austrian named Loschmidt was the first to calculate the number of these particles, but he worked on a cubic centimetre. The modern version we call Avogadro's number in his honour is arrived at on the basis of molecular weight. The molecular weight of a substance is the sum of the atomic weights of all the atoms making up the molecule. The atomic weight of Hydrogen is 1 and the atomic weight of Carbon is 12 So looking back at our ethane molecule. This has 2 carbon atoms and 6 hydrogen atoms So the molecular weight of ethane is (2 x 12) + (6 x 1) = 30 I did ask last time if you have heard of the kinetic theory of gases. To understand more detail this is needed so an answer would be appreciated.

Another example is a chemical synthesis, the product of a particular chemical reaction on a starting material whose structure is known by whatever means. It may be that the substance produced has never been produced before. In this case, there is no known sample with which to compare our substance produced. But the substance produced is not entirely unknown, either. It is likely to be the substance that was intended to be produced on the basis of what is known about the chemical reaction. And if it is not the substance that was intended to be produced, then it is likely to be in some way related to the starting material or the substance that was intended to be produced. In either case, it becomes much easier to analyse the spectra of the substance than if the substance is truly unknown. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is especially useful in this regard.

Even the moderator has been...sucked into this madness. It does take us back to the central topic, as we find that Freddie Mercury sometimes hinted at his Church of Nothing beliefs in his song lyrics, e.g. Nothing really matters, anyone can see. Nothing really matters to me.

Truly his Eureka moment, when he wanted to reverse his powers, but the people spake unto him, "Bissell-mil-ah NO! We will not let you blow!"

Beware, heretics! Those that mock the vacuum shall reap the whirlwind - or technically, the cyclonic action. The blasphemer shall be choked with pet hair, and wander in a wasteland of mixed floor coverings. His HEPA filter will clog and his motor shall be cooked. So it was written in the book of Dyson.

The bag is with thee Blessed art thou who filter the allergens And blessed is the fruit sucked up in your attachment.

Hail Hoover, full of dirt!

Perhaps, though I doubt they will be found in time... 😉

There used to be witches, why not call her Karen?

There used to be gods for everything ,at least in Greek and Roman religion. Why not an extra God of the Vacuum ? Could give it a name....Miele or Henry?