Sensei

Not really. I was referring to your what if "EM radiation did not exist". 1 MeV = 1000000 eV 1 eV = 1.602176565 * 10^-19 Joules. So for example proton-Deuterium fusion reaction is releasing 5.49*10^6 * 1.602176565 * 10^-19 = 8.79594934185*10^-13 J

Photons in core of star prevents total collapse of it. [math]p^+ + p^+ \rightarrow D^+ + e^+ + V_e + 0.42 MeV[/math] [math]e^+ + e^- \rightarrow \gamma + \gamma + 1.022 MeV[/math] Annihilation of previously created positron with electron, creates 2.433 times more energy than the first reaction. Absorbed, scattered photons accelerate particles. [math]D^+ + p^+ \rightarrow ^3_2He + \gamma + 5.49 MeV[/math] Deuterium and proton fuse together, producing photon with plentiful of energy. 5 times more than in the above annihilation.

Gas pycnometer doesn't measure mass, but volume of gas. "Gas expansion pycnometer is also known as constant volume gas pycnometer. The simplest type of gas pycnometer (due to its relative lack of moving parts) consists of two chambers, one (with a removable gas-tight lid) to hold the sample and a second chamber of fixed, known (via calibration) internal volume referred to as the reference volume or added volume."

Electrostatic generators can generate few thousands to few millions volts. Enough to ionize gas. Plug electrostatic generator to discharge tube, and you will have very bright light source that can be used in night. It's easier to make discharge tube, than light bulb, though. It doesn't require vacuum, doesn't use rare metal for filament. Neon lamps are examples of modern discharge tubes https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon_lamp Geissler tube 20 years predates Incandescent light bulb: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geissler_tube

Why not use gas pycnometer? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_pycnometer You wouldn't have to worry about which liquid to use..

Using standard models, it's not possible. Because 13.7 bln years ago, there was only Hydrogen-1 and Helium-4 in rates 12:1 quantity, which is 4:1 per mass. Earth-like planet is made of plentiful of heavy atoms, starting from Iron in the core. 13.7 bln years ago, there was no Iron, yet. It was made later by fusion in the first stars and supernovas. Rock/metallic planets are made of dust and remains from them. You need to take into account time needed for life of these stars, explosion, and cooling down remains to the level, they could be reused.

If you would be covered by material that only absorbs photons, and not release them, it would quickly heat your body to the level you would die because of life threatening temperature. Black materials, are absorbing photons in visible spectrum, 400 nm to 700 nm wavelength, but release photons at IR and microwave range. See how Top Gear made "invisible" car:

Better algorithms. And less wasting CPU time like it's generally done now.

It's 299792458 m/s. In the natural units, it's normalized to 1. And the all massive particles velocities are fractions of it. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_units

Bitwise operation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation To set bit, you should use flags |= 1 << x To clear bit, you should use flags &= ~( 1 << x ); and to test bit you should use if( flags & ( 1 << x ) ) { // bit set } else { // bit clear } where x is bit index from 0...31 for 32 bit integer. << is shift operator. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic_shift

That's not quite true. If there will be no CO2 in atmosphere, plants won't be able to grow.. And spread gens for the next generation. Animals are active CO2 producers. Absence (extinction f.e.) would impact plants as well, as they would lose source of food (CO2 from atmosphere). Without animals, plants would have to rely on natural CO2 sources like Vulcan eruptions, or fire. Quite not reliable sources, as they're pretty random. Extinction of animals would lead to mass extinction of plants, in few thousands or millions years, not able to grow anymore without CO2.

Infinite universe would have infinite quantity of protons, so it would have infinite mass and infinite energy, which would mean it would have to instantly collapse as black hole.. isn't? It would be one of versions of Zeno paradox https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeno's_paradoxes Or Olbers' paradox https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olbers'_paradox

Expensive if bought alone (as whole device, electronic chip is cheap), but I am talking about built-in smartphone. What is your model?

Personally I would write Android app to gather data. Devices have GPS, which can be periodically, say one time per second, read and stored. I have done such app. Records are stored in database/file (CSV), that can be transfered to computer. We can also read accelerometer periodically. Then you can make script/app on computer analyzing these data, filtering out and ignoring obviously wrong entries. Compare results from GPS <-> accelerometer. GPS locations (latitude,longitude) can be used with Google Maps (even directly in Android app, but there you have to get special certificate and include it in app; there is needed full Google developer account (you have to pay for it)). But in desktop computer version there is no such high level requirements. So, database entries will end up as series of lines in map, satellite view mode, you will verify whether path is correct.

It means that you will gain knowledge and experience. Learning from failures, and draw conclusions for future, to not repeat them again.

Sounds like helmet manufacturer spam.. I used to 1000+ km on bike per year, without any really serious issues. Just two worth having helmet, just to not have some little scratches.

Nobody in this thread has been publishing his own theory as far as I can see. What michel123456 said in #2 post is rather objection, than theory. The most famous neutrino scientist of the world (the most of physicists know his name, so I will skip it), when I showed him couple years ago my applications which are analyzing the all data of 3142 stable and unstable isotopes (my own database), instantly wanted to have my applications, to use by whole university.. As it's immediately showing and sorting which materials, which isotopes of which elements, are the best neutrino detectors... (and which isotope is stable, and which is unstable, and decay by which mode) Command-line early version was presented in this thread: http://www.scienceforums.net/topic/83451-radioactive-decay-and-information-split-from-what-is-real-in-physics/?p=808149 I wrote similar apps, for fusion, radioactive decay and neutrinos, basing on the same database. How it compares to your achievements as 'professional scientists'.. ? I could send 10 patents for new neutrino detectors in a day, if I would like to.. You must be really young. Quantum physics student? They're sometimes under incredible, god-fearing influence of professors. Whatever professor tells, is treated by them as absolute truth. Undeniable and not questionable dogma..

String theory has not been proven. Not even experiment confirming it has been performed. What physicist BELIEVE really does not matter. No matter what is name of him/her. Matters what physicist can prove or disprove. Performing the real experiment, not on white table. But the most of time these people doesn't even know of decay modes of particles.. Nor can list them.. Comparison completely failing. Silly comment. You must use your own theory formulas with the real set of data to be sure result matches with reality.. That's what differs them from 'uneducated internet trolls', that skip this stage. No matter how professional you are, you're limited to set of experimental data, especially if you're not experimental physicists. You must rely on data provided by 3rd party people. If they will make error while calculation, you will get wrong data. And all calculations basing on them will be also wrong. The thing is any professional does not know what he/she does not know. New experimental data could completely disagree with established knowledge. Imagine you are early XX century scientist. Atom was thought to be indestructible. You learned it in school. And then somebody finds out it's not true. It can annihilate. It can decay. etc. Your whole understanding of world is smashed.. For the most of people such turn around 180 degrees is very hard. As they used to what they learned.

Imagine we have "world" that's 2D array 2x2 fields. Possible states are: 10 00 01 00 00 10 00 01 And mixtures of these. Now we have frames going from: 10 00 it's changing to 01 00 it's changing to 00 01 it's changing to 00 10 Then everything repeats. Somebody observing it above, will say "1" is moving in circle. Time in this example is index to frame, one full set of states. Let's make it a bit harder: 3x3 array 100 000 000 let's assume that "1" can move only by one row/column, in 1 frame/time unit, then jumping from above frame, to frame: 000 000 001 would be violation of our "law" of speed limit. But if it's 000 010 000 Then 000 000 001 No speed limit law is violated. State in one frame changes to state in other frame. If you're looking at video/movie, nothing really moves on the TV/cinema screen. Just different frames are drawn one by one 50/60 frames per second. If player software will be randomizing index to frame, movie won't make any sense. The same is with 2D/3D games we play on computer screen. Do these players-3d objects, actually move? They jump from one location: x += vx * delta_time; y += vy * delta_time; z += vz * delta_time; x,y,z is player position vx,vy,vz is player speed in m/s delta_time = time taken to render single frame in s (for proper synchronization, how fast/slow computer is generating frames) Photons from event are send in the all (or one direction in minimum). And if they're absorbed by detector (f.e. eye) we see what happened. If event emitted just one photon, and you absorbed it, then nobody else will know about this event, only you. Conservation of energy, conservation of momentum, speed limit. etc. Thing that will happen in future, didn't released photons during event yet. So how do you want to see it? That depends on interpretation. See above pet explanation of frames-all possible states to build. Does frame 10 00 always existed, or it started existing when I wrote it on keyboard? ps. It can be interpreted this way. Regardless of my personal opinion about the subject.

You also didn't give answer for unanswered questions like what is mass, what is energy, what is elementary particle. Every time you came up with "theory" in thread, it's easy falsifiable. Like the last time, when I just gave example of annihilation, and your model failed.. In science we analyze set of data, and try to figure out how to predict outcome the next time we will see the same event. Somebody see trace in Cloud Chamber, and it's behaving differently than known particles, it's spinning in reverse direct in applied magnetic field. And makes different number of circles. And calls it pion+ or muon+ for instance. See how it's decaying, and new traces coming from it after couple circles.. Analyze what are these particles, what are their charges, what are their rest-masses, what are their other properties. You have not bothered to build such device when it cost fifty dollars!!! Start analyzing set of data. And make prediction basing on them. Until you learn physics, you won't know what we do know already.

No, you need to: - learn how to use quote function in posts, - learn how to make Latex equations in posts, - learn physics. To do first simply write [ quote ] stuff to quote [ /quote ] (without spaces). Your posts discourage everybody from reading because it's so hard to read them without proper quoting. To do second simply write [ math ] equation in latex [ /math ] (without spaces). And read Latex tutorial f.e. https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Mathematics Or use Latex editor.. This will make easier to read and understand equations. To do third, I gave you link with plentiful materials to read.. Did you read all physics history database?

Fission doesn't produce isotopes that we want or need. It's producing plentiful short living radioactive isotopes. That are generally dangerous to environment.

There is large difference between them: - Apple designs iPhone, and iOS is their own product, 3rd party companies, Chinese are producing it. - Samsung is electronic company designing Samsung Galaxy Sx etc. and producing them by them self, but operating system, Android is licensed from Google. 3rd party company. Apple can add anything they want to their product and OS, as they have direct control over operating system and device. Samsung is not in such luxury position. They're limited to what Google will give them. Personally I have Samsung Galaxy S5. Apple has some nasty politics for 3rd party applications developers. Google have much better. I can host my own Android application on my FTP server (with HTTP), and then visit that website from device, and app will be installed without any problems. Without any bothering either Google/Samsung companies. For spy-aps like f.e. GPS moniting app for truck transport company, it's the only way, as Google Play Store disallows apps that gather data without knowledge of user of app (truck driver).

Slightly derailing your original thread: why not use balloons.. ? As long as it's less dense than surrounding atmosphere, it'll be flying and gathering data much longer than any airplane, or rocket.. You don't want to spend time flying couple years, spending billions of dollars, just to arrive and find out engine does not work.

The question is for how long water has to increase its level. If it's minutes, hours, and locally (not entire worldwide) tsunami is way to go. It could be created by collapse of volcano or mounting into sea, causing massive movement of water. As well as hit by object from cosmos like meteor or comet. Search YouTube for "tsunami caused by landslide". There are some recorded on video. Increase of temperature and melting ice is so slow that everybody, or at least the most of people would be able to escape it.