Sensei

First you should start from learning how to calculate energy released during decay of unstable isotopes: http://www.scienceforums.net/topic/83451-radioactive-decay-and-information-split-from-what-is-real-in-physics/?p=808149 Satellites, especially the one which are traveling to outer regions of Solar System, where Sun light is very weak, are routinely powered by decays of untable isotope of Plutonium generators for years. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioisotope_thermoelectric_generator

If it's not requirement, how about f.e. acetic acid + sodium bicarbonate (aka baking soda) -> carbon dioxide (gaseous) + sodium acetate + cold (put electronic thermometer to beaker) Both can be bought in any supermarket. Later you can get rid of water from sodium acetate, and show "hot ice".

Acme, get 2 graduated cylinders http://www.ebay.com/itm/5x-Professional-Graduated-Glass-Measuring-Cylinder-Chemistry-Lab-Spout-Measure-/311307912431 You will need them in other experiments in future.. 15 usd for 2 setups, 8 graduated cylinders. Or pick one of these http://www.ebay.com/bhp/graduated-cylinder (if you want to measure volume of gases during electrolysis or other experiment producing gas, get cylinder with dismountable plastic bottom, you will place it up-side-down during experiment) You will be able to tell exactly volume of liquid in each of them. I would place it in front of camera and record photo per minute or hour. Then after week watch how water is evaporating, day by day, being able to tell volume/day or volume/hour evaporation. Enter data to OpenOffice. And compare days, compare hours. One could use also thermometer and barometer and use them in analyze of data. I wanted to accelerate experiment with electricity (hot plate), and being able to calculate energy input to beakers, to not have to wait days for some results.. I was doing such experiments, but with different purpose. Not if you start with the same mass of water metacogitans was referring to already on going Acme experiment. He didn't pay enough attention at setting up. I doubt he used graduated cyliders to measure initial volume of water for instance. Also didn't measure mass of salt precisely. I measured my teaspoon, full of NaCl salt, on jeweler's weight that has +-0.01 grams precision, and 1 my teaspoon has 2.54 grams. So your 4 was approximately 10 grams (if we have equal teaspoons), with 8 oz = 236 mL of water. Maybe 250 mL? 10 g in 250 mL ~4%, I wouldn't say it's heavily salted..

Electrolysis in early XIX century was used as the primitive ampere meter. If you put two gold electrodes to water, and attach battery, amount of produced gases is straight depending on current I. You can see electrolysis of water with gold electrodes on video: https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=electrolysis+of+water+gold Q=I*t [A*s=C] Power P=U*I [V*A=W] and Energy E=U*I*t=U*Q [V*A*s=V*C=J] If voltage will be significant, water will be heated during this experiment. So we can read temperature increase. Joule passed current through resistor placed in water, and heated water, reading temperature difference before and after experiment on thermometer. Current I, and voltage U, and time can be read from ampere meter, voltage meter, and stopper. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joule_heating

See radioactive isotope decay energy calculation http://www.scienceforums.net/topic/83451-radioactive-decay-and-information-split-from-what-is-real-in-physics/?p=808149 Before event, we have sample with mass at rest, after decay, "debris" newly made particles are often accelerated to relativistic velocities (they have large kinetic energy)..

Why don't you make experiment? Fill water two equal volume cups (or beakers if you have equipment), add some salt to one of them, remember which one, and see result after day or so. Or even record it with timelapse rendering camera in front of it. One frame per minute f.e. Other, faster than Sun, experiment: - place beaker with water (+ eventually some substance) on hot plate, connected to wattmeter. I recommend this one It has switch to change mode, watts/voltage/amerage/energy, shows time. From wattmeter you know what amount of energy you added to beaker (E=U*I*t), use thermometer to learn what is temperature f(time), for various solutions. Remember that there will be losts from idealized closed system (beaker and water will be releasing energy to environment while you are still heating it). Compare different salts results. Compare with distilled water result.

That's one of problems in US. Learning should be free. Otherwise it's straight route to creation of castes. People without money will be excluded from gaining knowledge, and remaining in their caste for generations.

He is using PHP and browser only When CPU is not heavily crunching numbers all the time, it should be around ~50 C at most. If you have single-thread cruching numbers app, it will use 12.5% of 4 core (8 HT) power Core i7/Xeon. But if you have multi-threaded app, it could go to 100%, if there will be little I/O operations. Modern BIOS has temperature detector on CPU and motherboard and if threshold is exceeded (you can set in BIOS), computer will shut-down. I had such shut-downs last year. And it was dirty cooler and lack of good silicon between CPU and cooler..

1. Constant running for money. 2. Lack/degeneracy of democracy. For fake reason "war with terrorists" there has been ripped off all citizen rights. 3. Lobbies from various industries bought your politicians and now they're telling what to do. 4. Corruption the next level, unprovable, not countable. f.e. instead of giving money straight away, hire child of some politician in company of friend of businessman. etc. sophisticated, complicated methods.. I would force them to sit on chair and connect lie detector to all of them, and ask right questions, and none would remain in office anymore..

If by "job" you meant something not requiring intelligence, right. That's good "job" for robots. Humans should learn interesting and valuable things, and then use what they learned in productive way. Moving boxes from one place to other place (f.e. warehouse), and similar muscle requiring jobs, are degenerating for humans. I am indispensable.. Somebody will have to program these robots, so they will know what to do.

Was it in the summer?

The next time, when power supply cooler will start dying and giving harsh sounds, replace it. You will save some money on replacing whole power supply. Wind cooler costed me $2.7, while complete power supply is around $40. Now I am replacing just wind cooler. Power supply failure is typically caused by overheating, caused by malfunction of wind cooler (it's rotating thousand times per minute, engine have right to fail after 2-3 years of whole day usage).

You don't need to buy new (modern?) PC. You just need additional hard disk. Either obsolete, or new one, 2 TB brand new is for ~$100, 1 TB for ~$50. Smaller you can find for free in neibourhood. I can't believe somebody knowledgable in computers don't have plentiful of old computers. I have more than 20+ old machines that I was using in the past around me. Just plug off HDD from one of them and connect to PC. And in BIOS disable Win7 HDD (or disconnect cable temporarily), and enable booting from old one. This way, this month, I made Win7 test OS on old Maxton 300 GB, used by me 5-10 years ago in some old machine. After installing everything needed there is still 214 GB free..

Bosons W+, W- are Weak Force Bosons. Radioactive beta decay plus, beta decay minus, double beta decay plus, double beta decay minus. You can do reverse: rotate polarization of photons while passing through medium to which there has been applied external magnetic field. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraday_effect Also read https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magneto-optic_Kerr_effect

Did you use stop loss option?

That's good. Fast foods in american way is straight way to degenerate people. I don't know any other similar nation of fat people. You have not been like that 50+ years ago. What happened? Unlimited cheap crap fast food? GMO modified food? Hamburgers are good for drunk teens returning at 3 a.m. to home friday night, not as regular everyday meal. The more people will be cooking from scratch, the better for their healt, and cheaper for pocket. Pre-made not healty food like fries should be higher priced to people with limited funds (and lack of self discipline) force to buy regular potato and cook it in pot. It's healtier and cheaper (if they won't add liter of pre-made crap sauce...) Really healty pre-made food should be very cheap, nearly as cheap as raw contents they are made of. f.e. set up of chinesee vegetables 450 grams with prepared seasonings cost me today $1 equivalent in Auchan market. Once they were in promotion for 2 weeks for $0.75, I was buying them every single day. Chicken fillet 300 grams, $1.2. It's fried for 6 minutes, vegetables for 3 minutes.. Is 9 minutes for meal ready enough fast.. ? Chinese fast food in US = unhealty (what to expect?) noodles... Ridiculous! When "restaurant" with chinese take away noodles opened shop here, they bankrupted in a year.. Price was fine, taste also.

You could save even more storage space, if you would introduce banks of available answers for some fields. f.e. assign chemistry=1,physics=2,mathematics=3 etc. and then use 1,2,3 instead of full-text versions. BTW, XML is highly extendable. One can write loader/saver which ignores unknown tags and attributes (from older/newer version of software) and there is high chance it'll work. Your's solution, won't. It's very limited, not extendable.

You can't find containers? or you can't find elements to put to containers.. ? Various containers should be in electronic stores. 15 cm x 15 cm is very large.. Do you realize you would need 118 of such? Then whole set up would be nearly 5 meter wide.. 15 cm * 32 in row = 480 cm 7 rows * 32 columns = 224 containers needed (some empty).

The thing is it's not smart way. It's pretty brute force way. Just a single step from making plasma and then separating them using electric/magnetic external fields. Obviously it would work. But at what cost! Smart way is to use chemical reaction, utilization of some property of their compounds, to separate these two metals from each other using as less energy as possible, at the lowest cost as possible, as fast as possible. Without having to build expensive factory/device.. Take for example solublity of two compounds: Tin sulfate has 33 g/100 mL @ 25 C Silver sulfate has 0.83 g/100 mL @ 25 C, 0.57 g/100 mL (0 °C) So after adding right amount of sulfuric acid, one should be still dissolved, while other will be gathering at the bottom as solid.. Filter it, repeat cycle.. Then find smart way to turn sulfate back to metal state.. SnSO4 + heat -> SnO2 + SO2 SnO2 + 2 CO -> Sn + 2 CO2 perhaps SnO2 + C -> Sn + CO2 Other example: Tin chloride has 83.9 g/100 ml (0 °C) Silver chloride has 520 μg/100 g at 50 °C Even larger difference in solublities..

Imagine box with particles. If you will add energy from external source, total energy of box will increase, particles will have higher kinetic energy. Particles are bouncing back and forth from each other. Elastic and inelastic collisions. There are also created photons, and absorbed photons. The more total energy in the box, the higher temperature, and the more higher energetic photons are there (and escaping from box radiating energy in the all directions). Check black body emission spectrum, how it relates to temperature. Compounds and elements change state, from solid to liquid, from liquid to gas, from gas to plasma. All depends on given total energy/temperature. Chemical compounds break apart if there is exceeded certain for them temperature (energy from external source arrived). At high enough energy atom is ionized (few to few hundred eV), and at even higher energy nucleus is separating. f.e. to destroy Deuterium atom there is needed energy >2.2 MeV, result will be free proton and free neutron. Free proton has 938.272 MeV, free neutron has 939.565 MeV, and Deuterium nucleus has 1875.613 MeV (it's easy to remember this value remembering equal of fusion p+ + p+ -> D+ + e+ + Ve + 0.42 MeV (938.272 MeV+938.272 MeV-0.511 MeV-0.42 MeV = 1875.613 MeV)). 1875.613 MeV + ~2.2 MeV = 938.272 MeV + 939.565 MeV. You can heat body/liquid/gas by shooting to it macroscopic objects (they will slow down and give their kinetic energy to body particles), or use high energy particles accelerated to relativistic velocities.. or use high energy gamma photons. You will receive the same effect. Deceleration of fast particle/object. And transfer of energy to body. Which in extreme conditions mean nucleus split, ionization, in less extreme destruction of chemical compound and change state of matter.

Two weeks ago, I took initial Iron compound, and put approximately equal amount of it to 10+ test tubes. With various 2nd chemical compounds. To quickly check them all at once. Part of them visible on this photo: Couple days ago I noticed 1st from the left is completely transparent: It used to look like this control sample two weeks ago: The last time I looked at it week ago, there was still tiny tiny amount of initial Iron compound (it was disappearing with time) on the bottom and slightly yellow color of solution. Now it's practically transparent like pure water.

Hello! What are known transparent (in visible spectrum) Iron compounds.. ? Best Regards!

Constellation

Eclipse - frightening to ancient peasant Egyptians.

If there would be nuclear Armageddon, or other disaster, books and Internet won't be available anymore.. What you remember will remain. Either constant values, and formulas are worth to remember. One doesn't exclude other. Nobody is here opting for remembering just values, without formulas. That's why it's worth to remember exact value (at the moment, until better measured value is known) since beginning. I learned all constants during over and over and over recalculations of decay energy of different radioactive isotopes, and energy emitted during fusion. Humans remember plentiful of crap like phone numbers (which is for now 9 digits+), while physical constants are more important.