Sensei

Kramer, build particle detector, Cloud Chamber, like I said many times in this and other forums. It costs $20-$30 and $3-$4 for single run. Then you will be able to see electrons, positrons, muons, pions, kaons. Effects of ionization from x-rays, gamma photons, etc. etc. Use magnet/electromagnet below cloud chamber and it will reveal charge of particles. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Efgy1bV2aQo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZLiXgdymIYE

Pion 0 has mass ~135 MeV/c^2 In kg it would be ~2.40676*10^-28 kg ~264.2 higher mass than electron.

50 bar is almost ~50x higher pressure than standard pressure. It's almost pressure that's at 500 meters below sea level in ocean. Water mass is 500 tons per m^2 at such depth. Submarines from II war were squashed at 200... 280 meters, at twice smaller pressure. Pressure will be so high, it's unlikely to push piston back... Normal piston is releasing gas that's inside when it'll go to upper est position, then piston goes in reverse direction, because it's empty and nothing disallows going it in that direction. Then there is injected fuel, and spark is igniting it, and changes liquid to gas which pushes piston again. And everything is repeated. You want to push piston back, without releasing CO2 from inside.

If you want practical chemistry, I would rather recommend electrolysis of water.. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrolysis_of_water You can produce hydrogen, oxygen from pure water. If it's solution of salt, you will be also able to produce chlorine and sodium hydroxide. From previously made hydrogen and chlorine you will be able to make chloride acid. After using metal electrodes you will be able to produce various oxides, and hydroxides. This way you can calculate masses of the most common chemical elements. Also ideal gas law is essential thing to learn. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideal_gas_law

Under standard pressure, normal temperature (on Earth), CO2 dry ice goes directly from solid state to gaseous state skipping liquid state (sublimation) at -79 C. So "bottom liquid CO2" from image C, the most probably, will never happen. Yes, piston would be pushed up. But why on image D it would go back to "squeezed"?

1 A*h = 1 A * 3600 s but 1 A*s = 1 C so 4.5 Ah = 4.5*3600 = 16200 C One electron has charge 1.6*10^-19 C so 16200 C / 1.6*10^-19 = 1.0125*10^23 electrons If you will have resistance 1.33 ohm, I=U/R=6/1.33 = 4.5 A, your battery will be working just 1 hour with such current. With I=0.6 A (3.75*10^18 electrons per second) it'll be working ~7h 30m. I don't know where you get 20h.. You would need 0.225 A to work it 20h.

People start programming hardware from buying equipment for programming EPROM etc. PIC chipsets. On eBey etc. there is plenty of these, and in your local electronic shops probably should have them too: http://www.ebay.com/itm/New-Genius-G540-USB-Universal-Bios-GAL-Programmer-EPROM-FLASH-51-AVR-PIC-MCU-SPI-/310852711326 You program it in its machine code. Java, Obj-C is way too high level.. Read about PIC microcontrollers http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PIC_microcontroller After programming chip is doing what you told it to do, like you would build whole chipset using logic gates etc. elements. This item has nicer photons. http://www.ebay.com/itm/High-speed-true-USB-Universal-Programmer-TL866CS-Full-Pack-include-7PCS-adapters-/320967107440?pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item4abb216370

Do not you have electroscope? It's just $18.. Building your own, nothing (everybody has in home some aluminum foil and glass) Machine for making high voltage costs $160 (Wimshurst machine) Device for visualizing magnetic field lines? Costs $37 You can build your own using magnet and a lot of needles. How about laser and some diffraction material, polarization filters, lenses etc. ? Your school really doesn't have the simplest cheapest the basics equipment? You can order them through Internet from EU/USA/China..

Pion 0 can also decay to gamma photon, electron and positron. It's just one of decay modes. They can be really complicated.. Gamma photon will collide sooner or later with charged particle and accelerate it, and new photon will be produced with lower energy. See Compton scattering. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton_scattering Without collision of photon with something, you have no idea that photon was there..

You put a lot of effort in preparing your pdf, and we appreciate it. But you should first learn how to calculate stuff. Otherwise it's quite wasted time (but wasted on good thing). I am pretty confident that you "forgot" to subtract energy of electrons from isotope energy-mass that you took from database of isotopes prior doing calcs. You should calculate just energy of nucleus, not nucleus with electron cloud! Let's analyze case that's showed in this page: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positron_emission 11C → 11B + e+ + νe + 0.96 MeV Carbon-11 has mass 11.01143361 u, you have to multiply it by 931.49406121 MeV and receive energy 10257.0850131232 single electron has energy 0.510999 MeV Carbon has them 6 so E-Eelectron*6 is 10254.0190191232 MeV (approximate energy of nucleus of C-11) Boron-11 has mass 11.00930544 u *931.49406121 = 10255.1026354069 MeV -0.510999*5=10252.5476404069 MeV Subtract them: 10254.0190191232-10252.5476404069 = 1.4713787162 MeV energy of positron that is escaping nucleus is 0.510999 MeV so subtract it as well will give 0.9603797162 MeV And it's decay energy of this isotope. Pretty matching value from article. It's combined kinetic energy of positron plus energy of neutrino. If I wouldn't subtract electrons cloud energy, I would receive 1.47 MeV instead of 0.96 MeV, giving impression that nucleus is absorbing electron from cloud.. No. In beta decay+, which is positron emission, nucleus is not absorbing shell electron, nor it doesn't need to import electron from environment.. Rather reverse. Carbon-11 is emitting positron, and losing electron from electron cloud because it's no longer hold by electrostatic forces (less protons in nucleus after decay). Positron will eventually annihilate with some electron ionizing other element and producing gamma photons which can ionize even more elements.

One way is to fill hermetic container (with little hole on bottom) with distill water. You have to place it in even bigger container with water, so water will be able to escape on demand. Then put pipes from setup where is done f.e. electrolysis of water, where is produced oxygen (on + electrode) to container. Oxygen will push away water from container. After that container is closed from bottom and contain very pure oxygen. We now need to get ride of oxygen by burning some metal inside of this container. Pass large current through wires, and metal will react with oxygen and burn. Oxide of metal will remain inside hermetic container as dust.

You have to look for specific particle decay mode(s) (scroll to middle). Some particles have very complex decay modes. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mesons http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_baryons Pion 0 common decay mode is two gamma photons. And it happens in 8.4*10^-17 seconds (mean life)...

Comets made of frozen water, ice, is constantly heated by photons from the Sun. The closer to Sun, the more energy comet is absorbing. When it's far far away from the center of solar system it has no tail. Tail only appears when it's close to the Sun, and it's always pointing in opposite direction to Sun. Water on the Earth is also absorbing energy from the Sun, from photons, and suddenly is vaporizing and forming clouds. But our planet has enough gravitation to keep atmosphere. unlike comet.

They are emitted. But everybody understood what he had in mind.

You're talking about Young's Double Slit Experiment. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-slit_experiment There is no single reason to not do it at home. Buy green laser 100 mW (it costs here $16) and set like this one in physics equipment shop (it costs $7): "Observation" in the case of Young's experiment usually means using polarization filter. In early XIX century they didn't have any cameras or electronic devices.. "Observation" means "measuring", not "real eye watching"... First you should learn about photon's polarization, the best with equipment - laser and polarization filter (in physics shop equipment it costs $10) I showed how they work with polarized photons coming from LCD monitor in this thread http://www.scienceforums.net/topic/80366-particle-location/?p=783255

Then ask her whether she forces you to steal? Because I see no way to get VB v6.0 other than downloading it from warez website... It's not possible to buy it from legal sources! It's 16 years old obsolete software!

I see. I am C/C++ programmer, not VB. It looks like significant change between versions.. I think Rajnish should forget about v6.0, and learn newer, more modern versions. What is sense learning something obsolete anyway..

There are more direct ways of seeing electrons, even at home. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Efgy1bV2aQo When proton annihilates with antiproton with velocity close to 0 (so total energy is 938 MeV * 2 = 1876.5 MeV + little K.E.), there can be created 2, 3 or more pions 0 which have just 135 MeV each + K.E. Energy of the input particles, doesn't quite match energy of newly created particles. So there is needed answer where is the rest of energy.

You can build the cheapest particle detector for 20 dollars or so. It's called Cloud Chamber. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Efgy1bV2aQo And you will be able to see electrons, positrons, muons, pions, even kaon (if you have lucky). All these particles were discovered in Cloud Chamber. There is plenty tutorials on YouTube how to build cloud chamber. Like this one: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pewTySxfTQk You just have to find good shop with cheap dry ice to keep it running. Instead of just reading about them, you will be able to see them in home. If you will conduct experiment at school maybe even your teachers will learn something.. and for sure will appreciate your effort by higher grade.

I would rather blame mistyped characters for errors than changes in language.. That's why asked for screen-shot and source to check it out.

What are areas of interest that you feel are not touched by your teachers and would like to extend?

Better show source and make screen-shot what VB complains about..

Visual Studio 6.0 (which has Visual Basic 6.0 I think so) is commercial product. But Visual Studio 2005/2008 Express have slightly newer versions of VB. And are free. And should be easy to find to download.

Complaining is unconstructive. You can learn by yourself. As all of us. You can make experiments by yourself, in area of your interest.

When I am entering "visual basic" in google the first link is wiki page of it, second is link to download it from secondary server, 3rd is microsoft original... So- what are you talking about?!