Is your game trying to capture the breadth of these topics, or are you trying to focus more on sustainability?
It certainly ties into both climatology and ecology, but those are two fields in their own right as well.
Ecology has a lot of fundamental concepts that aren't hard to understand at a general level and could easily be adapted to a game. You could make a game where the player has to help species by managing different types of habitats and solve problems that affect them. You can make games based on food webs, trophic levels, succession, etc. These concepts can be simplified to where they won't be too difficult to learn but still have a lot of potential for learning in them, and is certainly relevant to environmental protection.