Mr.Zurich92

Hello I'm from Switzerland There is something I don't understand. Why US-Americans have only the possibility to vote for two parties(democrats or republicans)? Here in Switzerland we have many different parties in the parlament we can vote for. So in all other wester democraties,too. Only in the USA you only vote for two parties? And this two parites very often don't compromise rather go in conflict with each other!? That's not democracy. Democracy means to compromise and to talk with each other. And anyway the USA only has a representative democracy! Here in Switzerland we have a semi direct democracy. As a Swiss I believe the only two countries which are democratic are Switzerland and Lichtenstein, sorry! Representative countries are pseudodemcracies! And even more: A French citizen can vote DIRECT for a president while US-citizen can't vote direct for a president! So please don't say the USA was the most democratic country on earth!

As far I know they don't transfer the enhancers of such genes, too? When they put a gene into a DNA of plant, they don't do it with the enhancer? But the genes need the enhancers!

go to dbSNP or UCSC genome browser! Do you know which SNPs are in these CNV sequence so you can go to dbSNP or UCSC genome browser and you can see if the SNP is in an exome or intron! Is there a chance that autism or male homosexuality is caused by complex polygenetic interactions? Sounds interesting what you say! Could you tell me more about this browser that can check a large amount of protein-protein interactions?

When you look at the result of this study, you can see that on chromosome 7,8 and 10 thre are high LOD scores. Even on chromosome 7 the LOD score is over 3! What does this mean? Can we say that there is a gene that influences male homosexuality or is this study crap? http://www.lscp.net/persons/ramus/fr/GDP1/papers/mustanski05.pdf

Does the Brain initiative also has the ambition to examine biological differences(physiology, gene activity, morphology) of brains between heterosexual women and men. And will they also examine further the neurobiology(gene activity, cell structures, morphology etc.) of homosexual brains and transsexual brains?

Of course there are many more de novo mutations in your DNA or my DNA! I only mentioned an exemple of how many new mutations in someones DNA is compared to the inherited DNA parts from his ancenstors five generations backwards. Founder of 23andme got sequenced her whole DNA and she said that they have founded ca 6000 novel mutations which are very rare in population. Here in this video from 4 minute you can see it: Nobody today knows if, how and what way they are affecting the phenotype. But I guess it is likely that there are such de novo mutations which do make higher or lower the risk for certain diseases, or they affecting human traits like intelligence, hight, sexual orientation or looking. That's possible.

In each generation there are on average 50 new mutation in the DNA. Doens't this mean after several generations the de ne novo mutation accumulate to a high number? I mean let's say five generations: 50 plus 50 plus 50 plus 50 plus 50 equals 250 de novo mutations! https://www.23andme.com/paternal_mutations/ There is a association between father's age when he procreates and de number of de novo mutations in the sperm. Actually here in Switzerland the average man procreates his first child in age of 34! So there are 74 de novo mutation on average.

I'm gay but I don't want to live with another man neither I want to see gay parade. I'm also not interested for entering into the gay scene.

I want to list some facts: There are clearly more homosexual men than homosexual women! Guess 1 to 3 or even 1 to 4 They couldn't find a male knockout mouse yet, which shows homosexual sexual preference They could find recently one gene in a female knockout mouse, that leads to homosexual sexual preference. It's a gene that is needed for producing a protein, that eliminates estrogen which can masculinize hypothalamus prenatally. Human brain is female organized generally, it gets masculinized through hormones in the whomb. What if the complex interactions of hormones and activity doesn't run correctly. I mean what if in a sensitife time span during pregnancy some gene which are needed for testosteron production are simply not active enough for producing enough testosteron JUST BY CHANCE? Or the genes which are needed for testosteron production are active enough but in the brain(during a sensitive time span) the genes which masculinizes nuclei like Bed nucleus of stria terminalis, Inah3 or Amygdala weren't active enough and have then a female volume? Like the aromatase gene which is needed for converting testosteron to estrogen which can masculinize hypothalamus. Anyway is epigentic the same as gene activity? I thought gene activity and epigenetic isn't the same! Let's say there is no god and humans and animals are simply the result of complex biochemical process of million years. So we can say homosexuality is happing mostly because our species is biochemical built in a way with this prenatal hormone(and gene activity) issue which is very ''error-prone''? Contrary to birds where brain masculinisation is happing just by chromosone set and not by hormones. Homosexuality is an biological error because the definition of life is: Homeostasis, Organization, Metabolism, Growth, Adaptation, Response to stimuli and Reproduction. Homosexuals like me can't reproduce directly, because my brain is biological hardwired to be attracted to the same sex. I can't make pregant another man! And here comes the second reason why homosexuality is a biological error: Each organ has its function. My testicles are producing sperm. But for what reason are they producing sperm? Sperms are made to fertilize eggs. But only women have eggs and I'm not attracted to women. My third reason why Homosexuality is an biological error is because: Sexual orientation has its function. A heterosexual man is attracted to tits, vagina or female ass because this signals are indicating something. they are indicating if a woman is procreative and if rate of offspring can be high or if the womn can give milk to the offspring. There is also a reason for this sexual orientation. The same for heterosexual women. they are attracted to muscles because they indicate if a man can protect the woman and can care for the family(tobring food build a house) or women are attracted rather to tall men than small men, simply because small men do indicated weakness compared to tall men. Sexual orientation has its biological reasons. I'm attracted to muscles but for what benefit? I'm a man myself. Do you see what I mean? By the way I still believe that there is a de novo mutation in my personal case that causes my homosexuality! And I will investigate it. Sir please! I hardly believe childhood experience, upbringing or social life has any influence on someones sexual orientation! In this case sexual orientation is 100% prenatal or even perinatal biological determinated! Brain masculinisation and defeminisation is prenatal and perhaps perinatal organized! It makes me very angry when heterosexual men like you or Endy0816 are saying that the evironment after birth has an influence on sexual orientation. We are still living in mostly homophobic society. Even here in my country Switzerland and much more in the USA, Homosexuality is still for a lot of people a NO-GO, something they hate. Parents don't want a gay son or a lesbian daughter. Everything is socially constructed than a man has to be attracted to women. So the social influence is from beginning anti-homosexual. So your point that ''evironment'' after birth has an influence on sexual orientation is wrong. So you believe if a young guy is playing baskettball with other guys and has good childhood generally, and also learns to flirt with women he gets heterosexual? That's simply not the case. Sexual orientation is biolgical organized prenatally. Later in life cause of puberty when hormon level rise the sexual drive gets stronger. But the sexual orientation is fixed already in the whomb! Do you read what I wrote? I wrote a minority of gay men like 10% or less of all male homosexuals do have a defective gene that causes their homosexuality. And de novo mutation are the cause of such defective genes. I think I belong to this minority of gay men. That's also why linkage studies or genome wide association studies do not run, because only a very small fraction of gay men do really have a genetic cause for their homosexuality. by the way 23andme is doing a GWAS of sexual orientation: http://blog.23andme.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Drabant-Poster-v7.pdf In the table you can see that some male homosexual do tendencially cry much faster than heterosexual men. do you know that amygdala are responsible for emotions! And science has proven that male homosexuals do have female like organized amygdalas.

I can only hope you don't mean with ''environment'' the social environment later in life. I guess you mean the biological environment in the whomb.

Is there a possibility that a minority of male homosexuals are gay cause of rare de novo mutations? I'm gay I do look very weird. Very often I get insultet with painful words like ''faggot''. I do look very strange. That's why I believe something biological is not running correctly! I also realized that male homosexuality is common. Why that? I have theories that male homosexality is seperated in three subtypes! Subtypes 1. : approx. 70% of all gay men, homosexuality is caused by uncommon hormonal condition in combination of too less gene activity. Subtype 2. : 20 % of all gay men, Homosexuality is caused by complex polygenic interaction which leads to this kind of sexual orientation Subtype 3. : 10 % of all gays, Homosexuality is caused by very rare de novo mutations. I am sure I do have a de novo mutation which causes my homosexuality. How I can find out which gene is affected?