Carrock

I'm not defending a defunct theory, just criticising attacks with no factual basis which deflect from the issues that theory has in common with many lambda-CDM theories. The fact that it seems impossible that expansion could continue forever and has no beginning or end does not mean it has not been proven impossible mathematically. There's no relevant issue with models which don't predict continuing expansion or the universe getting bigger. "The Problem of Infinite Matter in Steady-State Cosmology" has a proof that expansion must have started and must end within finite time, which has survived much criticism. It is relevant to modern models which predict unending expansion. Philosophy of Science Vol. 32, No. 1 (Jan., 1965), pp. 21-31 (A free registration is required to read the full article.)

If there is no beginning, they are eternal state, not steady state. From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steady_state or... Consider a series RC circuit with 1volt across it. The steady state voltage across C is 1volt. The initial voltage across C is any voltage you want. Steady state is loosely defined as the state after all startup transients have become negligible. If transients never become negligible it's not steady state. If it is steady state, information about startup transients has been lost due to noise etc but there was still a beginning. (A student could have noted the initial voltage; the steady state is compatible with that knowledge.) Hoyle suggested one possible beginning to his Steady State model, but that was arguably a demonstration that his model was steady state, not an (impossible) eternal state expanding universe. I find the widespread insistence in cosmology that steady state means eternal state rather irritating; that idea has lasted far longer than any steady state cosmological theory. A point that's obscured by this is a (pre CMBR) fatal objection to unending steady state universe expansion which is also a fatal objection to many current lambda-CDM models. Formal descriptions of these often invoke a future singularity; I have never seen one which describes this as the same fatal mathematical flaw as unending expansion of a steady state universe.

It should not be necessary to go offsite to respond to your post; your reference is not even a theory by Sir Jayant Narlikar. From your ref This perpetuates errors: Any steady state model has a beginning and (arguably) an end. The (refuted) steady state model does not adhere to the perfect cosmological principle. I'll try to find the last time I referred to this. From https://www.scienceforums.net/topic/112696-can-you-witness-the-birth-of-the-universe/?do=findComment&comment=1033673

If there is a higher force does it do its job on its own or is it planned to do so by a yet higher force? et cetera

I agree that's probably the intention. I find that concept very like 'intelligent design,' with the same problems.

Couldn't resist cherrypicking from your reference. By any reasonable definition, the universe includes that universal computer that computes the evolution of the universe. Hard to imagine that even in principle.

My understanding of 'interpretation' in this context is a description which gives the same results as other interpretations. So it's impossible to distinguish between e.g. a version of the Copenhagen interpretation and the many worlds interpretation by prediction or experiment. If you can distinguish it's not an interpretation; it's a theory. I would interpret that as saying other people do not share your preference for a particular interpretation. BTW as interpretations are in practice imprecise rather than rigorous, I've never found a rigorous, generally accepted version of the Copenhagen interpretation. Measurement is an interpretation based concept; It's questionable that measurement has any causal influence. From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copenhagen_interpretation

I made no such claim. I added another suboption to your "An eternal existence without beginning" option but nothing I wrote has any relevance to the beginning of the universe. Your evidence for 2) is it "has had much support since pre-historic time. That, in itself, provides some small amount of reason and logic. " Really? Would you agree that the concept that the sun circles the earth has had much support since pre-historic time? If that isn't evidence that the sun circles the earth why is the common but never universal belief that the universe "has an eternal existence without beginning" evidence? This too... Following post was auto merged by forum software. Your "Motivated, directional, conscious Being" seems very like a creator in "an eternal existence without beginning." You need to explain your inconsistency. Or if you're being deliberately ambiguous, why are you posting on a science forum?

or an unmotivated universe with at least a few billion motivated, directional, conscious beings who've been aware of each other since prehistoric times.

In the bad old days leeches were used very unscientifically for letting choleric or stagnant blood etc, with Robin Hood allegedly the most famous victim of this quack treatment. Nowadays they're used to scientifically exsanguinate people because it's better than alternative treatments. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirudo_medicinalis#Today It's perhaps significant that the only recipe, for a stye treatment, in the 10th century Bald’s Leechbook that has been tested and found as effective as modern treatments had nothing to do with leeches. From https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/news/pressreleases/2015/march/ancientbiotics---a-medieval-remedy-for-modern-day-superbugs.aspx "It's not off topic if a mod introduces it."

Or maybe not. From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirudo_medicinalis#Today

I was exaggerating about the moon, but I recall discussion about diverting both Voyagers; [religion] the decision makers did not have faith that the Voyagers could survive another planetary encounter[/religion]. Amazing spacecraft....

Seems a bit pointless to have a once in 176 years Grand Tour and give up halfway. If Voyager 2 had failed it would still be possible to claim that moon was more interesting than Uranus or Neptune.

Voyager 1 skipped a few planets to look at a not very interesting moon, which might be considered cheating.

I'm not sure of the relevance, but I just looked at a £10 note which states "I promise to pay the bearer on demand the sum of ten pounds." If I redeem the promise at a bank I'll be given a note with "I promise to pay the bearer on demand the sum of ten pounds." Money, to governments, is basically an I.O.U. note which will never be redeemed. I don't think the idea of taking the same percentage of everyone's cash income is better than the current bad system. It would be even easier for rich people to (in effect) avoid paying tax through legal but dodgy companies or investments.

Nothing I'm aware of.

Plants do that, with oxygen as a byproduct.

Really? Most of the (mild or nonexistent) pain is at the time of vaccination. A painkiller after vaccination would be IMO overmedication and I've certainly never been offered paracetamol or other painkiller for anything so trivial. Have you any actual evidence this happens?

You can keep the capacitor charged by feeding back to it a little of the power you've created.

Get a secondhand 1 Farad capacitor, charge it up to 3V and use it to power your device. You won't have to wait long for it to stop working.

Smog varies with the weather and ~60% solar power on high smog days is better than none.

If that is true what is the radius of a universe filled with CNBR and why is that radius different or the same? BTW the CNBR moves at less than c.

I suppose I should really say that so far increasing the use of solar reduces the increase of non solar power.

I agree about this I basically don't think their are yet many recipes for cooking in a microwave which are as good as, let alone better than older types of cooking. This should change, especially when most people have been used to microwave cooking from childhood. BTW, I'm not aware of many cooks smashing microwaves because it's putting them out of a job ; I don't regard reluctance to learn a new skillset when cooking in an oven is still perfectly viable as Luddism.

A well known side effect of increased use of solar energy is less smog.