J.C.MacSwell

...or if you have a signer for your student loan for your math degree...but need to derive a cosigner....

An unbroken column of water can exist at partial vacuum pressures, generally down to the vapour pressure of the water. I have no idea why you would suggest otherwise. As I suspected from your posts....you don't know the answer.

Thank you. I didn't know what an "overall expenditure of force" was, but I thought it deserved more of a reply than "bullshit".

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A. C. Barrett seems to agree with that: https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/520531-amy-coney-barrett-to-tell-senators-courts-should-not-try-to-make-policy "Courts are not designed to solve every problem or right every wrong in our public life. The policy decisions and value judgments of government must be made by the political branches elected by and accountable to the People. The public should not expect courts to do so, and courts should not try," Barrett will add, according to her opening remarks.

Maybe you should? Where did I say your decrease in volume would not increase pressure as you suggested? I pointed out that it would take a head of 320 feet of water to get your 10 atmospheres of pressure. You or Boyle have a problem with that? Ambient air at constant temperature needs to be compressed to gain pressure. This creates volume for the water to put additional pressure on the system. This makes it unlikely for what is described in the OP (with regard to roof drainage, not filling bottles that have only one opening or similar problems) to have anything to do with your line of thought. You also asked this: That doesn't make sense. You still haven't replied to this:

Isn't merit subjective? How can they operate and rule on what has it without incorporating their own viewpoint?

I agree with the sentiment but what do they do in the mean time? Who gets to interpret the gray areas of current, laws as written, precedent, publicly accepted moral views, etc.? Who interprets the same after the new laws are put in place?

Personal views can have merit and not agree with precedent. For examples, compare with some gun laws. Or laws depriving people of their right to vote.

I had to think about that one. I guess the comma shouldn't be there.

The context I was going for with putting "pure" in quotes was a democracy unimpeded by a constitution or equivalent, which could lead to a tyranny of the majority. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyranny_of_the_majority

Checks and balances. We in Canada and US live in constitutional democracies not "pure" democracies, which could tyrannize minorities. Any laws passed must not break rights guaranteed in the respective constitutions. This requires interpretation at times. Any changes in the constitution/s are much harder to bring about and the process also requires judges separate from the lawmakers passing new laws. Judges on the other hand don't make the laws...or at least are not supposed to...

frame of reference...😛

I thought a significant part of the sea level rise was due to water expansion with increased temperature. Not sure where I read it but I'll look... Wiki on Sea level rise has this " Between 1993 and 2018, thermal expansion of the oceans contributed 42% to sea level rise; the melting of temperate glaciers, 21%; Greenland, 15%; and Antarctica, 8%.[3]:1576 Climate scientists expect the rate to further accelerate during the 21st century." ( mentions approx 3" rise between 1993 and 2017)

No, and you're still allowed to misconstrue results with it. If air can't get through, neither can the water. The fact that air often gets displaced upwards as well doesn't change that. Nor is it necessary. I hope you enjoyed your walk though.

LOL. Dynamics aside, It takes a 320 foot water column to get a head of 10 atmospheres. If the air can't push through (including at whatever pressure a real system has in practice)....how does the water? So if your established regulated system is blocked (it happens) you have a problem. You have nowhere for the water to go either. The system is blocked. It has failed. Regulations don't allow designing it work that way. I guarantee you.

If the drain is attached to a pipe it can drain more quickly...after it starts going Right. But after it gets going there can be, and that can draw more water thru the drain at a faster rate. When emptying the bath what do you hear when the vortex first draws air down the drain? A sucking sound. Drainage generally becomes less efficient at that point as the (partial) vacuum is broken. If you had two identical barrels of water, one with a 1 inch hole in the bottom and one with a 1 inch ID vertical pipe at the bottom (sticking out the bottom), says 12 inches long, which do you think would drain faster? Obviously not much air to deal with in this example, but other than near drain traps there is plenty of volume to allow a head of water to start pushing a column of water into a pipe with little compression or back pressure. Eventually any excess air gets pushed down, entrained in the flow, or finally escapes upward.

You can picture a static one readily, can you not? A vertical pipe closed on each end, with air below atmospheric pressure at the top? Or picture same thing with a cap on the bottom and a pressure gauge at the top showing ambient pressure. Remove the cap....

The air can be pushed down the pipe, assuming it isn't blocked. Assuming the resistance of that is not excessive, once in motion the unbroken column of water will be "pulling" water down at the mouth of the drain with a partial vacuum. So it will drain faster than simply spilling in free fall if the conditions are right (the partial vacuum being greater than the resistance due to drag and any back pressure) If the conditions are not right you don't get the benefit.

what makes you say that? Maybe I'm using the wrong term? The effect I'm talking about is the enabling of the water at the drain to accelerate faster than free fall. I know there is no drawing of the water upwards first but the principle is the same.

If air gets introduced due to the partial vacuum and breaks the siphon it can get dragged down the drain or escape upward. Baffles and anti-vortex plates are commonly used to maintain siphon. I've never seen a screw down pipe as described but I think they are trying to achieve a similar result. More "pull" at the drain rather than simply spilling at the drain (somewhat of an oversimplified description)

That's not a very nice thing to say...

His humble beginning period was in the womb.

Wasn't that with GR?

Somewhat counterintuitive but It depends on how much drag it creates vs how much suction it can "hold" onto. A siphon can pull water down much faster than water free falling in some cases. You can get the added benefit of up to or as much as atmospheric pressure. You lose that as air gets introduced and breaks the "train" in the drain (wannabe poet).