To be honest, I wouldn't mind if you could describe the different states a particle can be in. I'm actually in way over my head here; this is what I know about atoms-the nuclei are made up of protons and neutrons(except for hydrogen)which are composed of quarks, which are bound together by the fundamental strong atomic force. Protons and neutrons are bound together by the residual strong nuclear force, and electrons are bound to atomic nuclei by electromagnetism. The force particles are gluons, pions and photons respectively. When an atom interacts with the weak atomic force(bosons) it gains a positive or negative charge, becoming an ion. Anyway, I hope you can help me understand some of the more advanced ideas that I'm trying to understand, you obviously know what you're talking about and are able to break it down into layman's terms. Thanks!