Moreno

There are many phenomenons of planetary activity which seem can't be explained by modern science. For example the origins of all geothermal energy components can't be properly explained. https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/nuclear-fission-confirmed-as-source-of-more-than-half-of-earths-heat/# Neptune and Saturn. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neptune#Storms https://www.space.com/9537-saturn-surprises-scientists-varying-energy-output.html Enceladus Io https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Volcanoes/Io#Volcanisms Pluto http://www.iflscience.com/space/nasa-think-they-found-enormous-volcanoes-plutos-surface-spew-ice-instead-lava-and-ash/ Ceres https://www.space.com/35571-ceres-ice-volcano-ahuna-mons.html Triton https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triton_(moon)#Cryovolcanism Mercury https://www.extremetech.com/extreme/236342-earth-is-no-longer-the-only-planet-with-confirmed-geological-activity

Still I believe there exist a thing which can bring people of different races, religions, sexual orientations, etc, to a mutual understanding. This is the respect of law. And passion about legality. Personally, I agree to forgive someone who dislikes me, let say on the basis of my nationality, religion, political views etc. If they keep their feeling inside. I may not even react on their opinion expressed openly. Committing crimes, however, is a different thing.

Both wind turbines and solar cells receive the same amount of natural power per m2 (around 1000 W, at best) typically. But solar panels look more expensive per m2 than turbine blades. Also, solar power is good for equatorial countries, while Northern countries have more wind resources than Sun.

Obviously, that solar power requires larger amount of relatively sophisticated materials than any other type of energy, including wind power.

You will need all the Aluminum produced in the World annually to construct and maintain solar cells in order to provide all energy needs with their help. And this is just an Aluminum for a part of a solar cells. So, price of solar power will grow exponential when scaled up. It is too material extensive.

1) PRT rail transport has only one degree of the freedom as cabins just follow each other. All the process can be automatized. Accident can happen only if a one cabin will strike the other in the back. But you simply can equip each cabin with a shock absorber for this reason. 2) Principally, PRT can use maglev technology or magnetic bearings. Some projects of that type already exist.

Can you explain why they are less efficient? Personal rapid transit is a way safer than cars and can be regarded as almost accident free. For a reason that all movements on the rails can be easily controlled by electronics. It eliminates problem of congestion and allows to increase an average speed to 100+, maybe 300+ km/hr.

Honestly, I'm skeptical about self driving cars at the moment because I just can't imagine how it is going to work and why it is going to be safe. How robots can adequately react on many unpredictable circumstances, such as a pedestrian running at red light, slippery roads, road works etc. How will they able to do a door-to-door delivery? Absolutely challenging at present state of technologies, I would say. Flying cars will require a completely new level of development, I would think. Such as an energy source, propulsion system, materials, AI, etc. Desirably they would need to be gravity neutral like balloons and have ability to increase or decrease this property instantly depending on load. Otherwise energy looses would be huge. Definitely they wouldn't suppose to have a wings or rotors. So, more similar to a balloon. Some kind of antigravity or negative mass would need to be discovered.

I don't see a huge advantage in flying cars. Will they be faster? Will they be more flexible? Especially in the situation of an airial congestion. But I sure many people will get a psychological challenge by observing all the sky clouded by cars.

Don't forget that average efficiency of non-hybrid cars is 15-20%, while average efficiency of electric motors (in trams) is 90%. Still there are loses in electricity transmission. Around 4-5 times more efficient. So, regardless the source of electricity it suppose to cut pollution a lot. I think combination of nuclear, hydro and geothermal can do it in the nearest decades. It is claimed that Thorium reactors would be able to burn all the nuclear waste created by Uranium power plants. A Yellowstone supervolcano would be capable to power all the Central States, possibly. Nuclear, wind, hydro and geothermal continue to work at full power at night. This electricity can be cheap.

I like more his another idea about levitating cars. Moving roads would be very energy consuming, create lot of noise, etc. What about comfort? Will people need to stay or sit? I think a cabins are better for psychological reasons as they create feeling of private space. People are different though. I enjoy taking public transit more than ride a personal vehicles because I develop feeling of claustrophobia and loneliness in the later (slightly).

Personally for me a safety would be a priority N1. And other such as congestion, speed, pollution are important too. Railway transport also would be a way cheaper to maintain than gasoline cars. In my understanding railway transport is usually regarded as cheaper than automotive. Not sure about PRT, though.

If you need a cumbersome device like on the photo what about flexibility? It may teleport you between stations but what if you need to park near a boutique?

I think an "ideal" transport have to solve the following problems of the modern transport. It includes: 1) Be physically incapable to get in any kind of accidents. 2) Create no congestion. 3) Create no parking problem. 4) Create no pollution. 5) Be very fast. 6) Be flexible, desirably all-terrain and offer door-to-door delivery. I think most of this problems (with exception of the last one) can be solved (to a large extent) if people will switch to rail-bound personal transport. Something similar to this: http://www.eltis.org/discover/news/europes-first-urban-personal-rapid-transit-system-approved-poland-0 However, flexibility and door-to-door delivery could be an issue. Not certain how much, because we can build such rail tracks to each and every house and building and wherever any kind of usual roads lead. Also, it may offer a certain degree of automation. But still it looks like a step out of flexibility that humans dreamt about. An instant teleportation of a sizable objects is still too far fetched. Any other ideas?

There are plenty of electrolytes which are capable to conduct aluminum ions such as salt water, alkaline, molten aluminum chloride-sodium chloride electrolyte (which was tested in aluminum chlorine batteries) http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/747775.pdf and recently - ionic liquids. The aluminum- chlorine batteries tested by nasa in 1970-th required elevated temperatures to be operational (around 175 C). It seems related to molten electrolyte but there should be plenty of other electrolytes which stay conducting at room temperature. Ionic liquids may be perspective.

Boiling point temperature of Chlorine (-31C) is similar to that of propane. Does it mean Chlorine can be stored in liquid form at relatively low pressures or in some adsorbent? AlCl3 is very well soluble in different liquids including water. Does it imply good reversibility if we make a battery?

Scientists claim that they discovered a superinsulating state of matter. What is it actually? https://arxiv.org/pdf/1209.0530.pdf Does it imply an infinite dielectric strength, an infinite dielectric permittivity or neither? I suggest its insulating properties still can't be literally infinite, what are more realistic limits of that stuff?

Some Western countries praise multiculturalism and diversity (at least officially). But when all ethnicities and nation will intermix there will be no diversity anymore. Is it good?

Why does it have to be ionic?

Can somebody predict if it's possible to create a rechargeable battery based on the following chemistry: At discharge: Al + SCl2 = AlCl3 + S At recharge: AlCl2 + S = Al + SCl2

To Sensei: Why do you think I don't take into account density of Aluminum and why high density is bad? I expected it should be rather good. High density + 3 free electrons per atom = high Fermi energy. I don't know if it can be rechargeable, I want hope yes. I want to know if it's possible to create a battery which would exploit difference in Fermi energies between metal crystal structures rather than chemical properties of individual atoms. Aluminum and Sodium don't regularly suppose to react anyhow, but possibly their Fermi energies can come to equilibrium even if we will obtain mechanical atomic mixture of both elements? Will Aluminum form a uniform atomic mixture with Sodium or will rather form a macroscopic crystals inside of it? If it will work than there should be even lesser problem to make such battery rechargeable since there will be no strong chemical bonds between the heterogeneous atoms.

For example, for automotive applications. Energy is measured not in volts, but in MJ/Kg or W-h/Kg. It is not only voltage is important, but also electrochemical equivalent (how many electrons you can obtain per atom). Aluminum can offer 3 electrons per atom, what is good.

This is what some person (who seem to be profi in batteries) claimed. And for example: https://docs.wind-watch.org/braga2017.pdf If I no make mistake Fermi energy depends primarily (if not completely) on electron concentration inside of metal. Therefore electrons are prone to flow from high Fermi energy (higher concentration) to low Fermi level.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_potential

I've met such statements that energy which a battery can deliver roughly depends on Fermi energy differences between anode and cathode materials. If we look in the table with Fermi energy values for pure metals, there exist large difference between Aluminum (12 eV) and Sodium (3 eV). http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Tables/fermi.html#c1 Both materials are inexpensive. Can we create an Aluminum-Sodium battery and if yes, how much energy will it offer?