BottomlessOlive

I am looking for a mathematical theory that describes or explains causality dilemmas. I have come across causal decision theory but I don't think it covers the problem of dilemmas. It might be covered under Game Theory but I'm not sure. I am also looking for mathematical examples of such a problem.

Many times a person is faced with a causality dilemma. Is there a general framework for solving such problems? For example, if "A cannot happen unless B happens, but B cannot happen unless A happens", one possible approach to solving the problem is to guess or assume something about A, determine B, then repeat until A and B hopefully satisfy some desired outcome.