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This is a mindboggling question about Speed of Light and Theory of Relativity.
It involves 5 theoretical, (but fully doable), simple experiments.
I will begin with explaining the setup and this figure:
C1 A1 O = Lightsource
/ / S2 [ and ] = Shutters
¤ o / o = Light detectors
o----+----[O]----+----o ¤ = Computers
\ / o ¤ \ - = light Path
A2 S1 \ \ B2 + = Midways
B1 C2
There are Three towers in a straight line, (just to get above all obstacles).
Distance between the towers are 300 kilometers.
The center tower has a powerful lightsource with Two shutters called S1 and S2.
Also close to the lightsource are Two lightsensors called A1 and B1.
The Two outer towers has lightsensors pointed at the center tower called A2 and B2.
Midways between the center and outer towers are Two computers called C1 and C2.
Lightsensors A1 and A2 are connected to computer C1.
Lightsensors B1 and B2 are connected to computer C2.
The computers measures the time taken between sensor 1 and sensor 2, detects light.
Now follows the experiments, (number 3 is the important one).
All are executed in the night without interfearing lightsources.
(1 & 2 are for calibrating the computers.)
(4 & 5 are for rechecking calibrations.)
1. Computer C1 On, Shutter S1 Open.
Computer C2 Off, Shutter S2 Closed.
-> Turn lightsource On and Off.
Computer C1 measures the lightspeed from A1 to A2.
Roughly the time taken should be 1 millisecond.
2. Computer C1 Off, Shutter S1 Closed.
Computer C2 On, Shutter S2 Open.
-> Turn lightsource On and Off.
Computer C2 measures the lightspeed from B1 to B2.
Roughly the time taken should be 1 millisecond.
3. Computer C1 On, Shutter S1 Open.
Computer C2 On, Shutter S2 Open.
-> Turn lightsource On and Off.
Computer C1 measures the lightspeed from A1 to A2.
Computer C2 measures the lightspeed from B1 to B2.
4. Computer C1 On, Shutter S1 Open.
Computer C2 Off, Shutter S2 Closed.
-> Turn lightsource On and Off.
Computer C1 measures the lightspeed from A1 to A2.
Roughly the time taken should be 1 millisecond.
5. Computer C1 Off, Shutter S1 Closed.
Computer C2 On, Shutter S2 Open.
-> Turn lightsource On and Off.
Computer C2 measures the lightspeed from B1 to B2.
Roughly the time taken should be 1 millisecond.
Finally comes the important question:
What is the time measured by both the computers in No:3 ?
If it is roughly 1 millisecond then the photons going in opposite directions,
(from center tower to Left tower and from center tower to Right tower),
have had an relative speed between eatch other of twice the lightspeed.
Which according to Theory of Relativity is impossible.
(Nothing can go faster than the Speed of Light.)
If the time doubles to roughly 2 milliseconds then the only thing needed
to lower the Speed of Light is measuring its speed in opposite direction.
Which according to Theory of Relativity also is undoable.
(The Speed of Light is the same to all observants.)
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