Raider5678

Managed to turn a lot of his most avid supports against him in my valley.

So do I.

Yes. It does. However, if I read your post correctly, you're saying we don't give enough credit to those that are wrong. Rather then simply saying "You're stupid. And you're wrong. Here's a little proof." that we should delve deeper to help them understand. Correct?

I've copied and pasted it for everyone on here to read. Quasi-gedanken experiment challenging the no-signaling theorem Demetrios A. Kalamidas1,* 1Raith Nanolithography, 300 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 *Corresponding author. Email: demetrios.kalamidas@raithamerica.com Abstract. Kennedy [Philosophy of Science 62, 4 (1995)] has argued that the various quantum mechanical no-signaling proofs formulated thus far share a common mathematical framework, are circular in nature, and do not preclude the construction of empirically testable schemes wherein superluminal exchange of information can occur. In light of this thesis, we present a potentially feasible quantum-optical scheme that purports to enable superluminal signaling. Keywords. quantum information, quantum entanglement, no-signaling theorem PACS 03.65.Ta 1. Introduction The notion of quantum non-locality resides at the core of the interpretation of multi-particle entanglement ([1], [2], [3]) because of the great amount of empirical evidence, in support of this notion, that has been acquired thus far (mostly from the realm of quantum optics [4]). Nevertheless, the physical manifestations of quantum non-locality are constrained by seemingly robust theoretical precepts demanding that non-local effects cannot be used for the construction of any type of superluminal signaling protocol employing the quantum mechanical formalism (as it is currently understood). The theoretical arguments against superluminal exchange of information are articulated by way of ‘no-signaling theorems’ [5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. We will describe a potentially feasible quantum-optical scheme that purports to enable superluminal signaling. The quest for such a scheme was largely motivated by the critical analysis of the various no-signaling proofs by Kennedy [12], wherein he rigorously argues that they share a common mathematical framework and that they are, in fact, circular in nature (tautological), leaving a bit of room for the possibility of constructing superluminal signaling protocols within the context of non-relativistic quantum mechanics. We present a setup that can be viewed as a ‘quasi-gedanken experiment’, in the sense that most of its constituent devices are readily available and have been employed in many quantum-optical experiments, however the device that performs the crucial function has not been specified but, as will become evident, certainly appears to be within the reach of existing technology. 2. Experimental Proposal Consider the setup of Fig.1. An SPDC (spontaneous parametric down- conversion) source, S, of entangled photon pairs is pumped by a CW (continuous-wave) laser [4]. We assume that the pump intensity is low enough so that only single pairs of entangled photons are produced from S with any significant probability and, furthermore, that S is configured for degenerate, non-collinear emission of polarization-entangled photon pairs [4]. We can write the state emerging from S as | (||+||) , where H and V denote the horizontal and vertical linear-polarization states of an emitted photon, respectively; the subscripts A and B denote the two spatial modes of emission. Fig.1 depicts the presence of narrow-band spectral filters, F, whose narrow transmission band is centered on an energy that is half that of the pump photons. A detector, D, is situated immediately beyond each filter. Therefore, for each detected down-converted photon pair that made it past the filters, both of its constituent photons will be found to have the same energy (equal to half that of the pump photons). From Fig.1 we note that the photons propagating within the left wing of the setup first encounter a PBS (polarizing beam splitter) and then an HWP (half-wave plate). The PBS transmits H-polarized photons and reflects V-polarized photons, while the HWP flips the linear-polarization state. Thus, after the PBS and HWP, the state | transforms as follows: | (||+||) |. Focusing on the left wing of the setup, Fig.1 indicates a region, R, wherein we will postulate that a Demon resides. The Demon within R performs the following activity: For a certain time interval, he inserts a double-sided mirror (DSM) so that mode 1 is reflected into mode 2, and mode 2 is reflected into mode 1, each reflected mode acquiring a reflection phase-shift factor . Immediately afterwards, the Demon inserts, for the same time interval, a suitably chosen transparent phase plate (TPP) such that both transmitted modes, 1 and 2, each acquire a transmission phase-shift factor . The Demon repeats this switching action continuously. In (2), | represents the state beyond the PBS and HWP, as the left-propagating photon is about to enter region R. If the DSM is in place within R, the state beyond R becomes | (||+||) |. If the TPP is in place within R, the state beyond R becomes |(||+||) |. Now, before we can illustrate the purported superluminal-signaling potential of the setup, we must first impose specific requirements on parameters that characterize certain quantum-optical properties involved. In this light, we will assume a hierarchy of ‘realistic’ parameter-values for several aspects of the setup, gleaned from the plethora of quantum-optical entanglement experiments that have been carried out thus far: The coherence-time of the pump laser is taken to be infinite, since the pump laser is considered to be monochromatic; the coherence-time of the down-converted photons, emerging from the SPDC source, is taken to be around 0.1ps, since they are typically broad-band; the Demon’s switching interval, between the DSM and the TPP, is taken to be 1ps; the coherence-time of the down-converted photons that have been spectrally filtered by the narrow-band filters, F, is taken to be around 10ps. Once we have accepted these parameter-values, we can make the following assertion: Since the filters, F, have ‘stretched’ the coherence-time of the down-converted photons from 0.1ps (just before the filters) to 10ps (for the subset that has been spectrally filtered and propagates towards the respective detectors), the accuracy of their time-of-creation (within source S) is also limited to 10ps and thus it is not possible, even in principle, to determine if a left-propagating photon encountered the DSM or the TPP, since the switching interval is 1ps. This assertion demands that we must superpose the two indistinguishable possibilities leading to detections of down-converted photon pairs beyond the filters: |=(|+|) = (||+||) = (||+||), where | |. In (5), | represents the normalized state that will be subject to measurement (i.e., the state beyond the filters and just before the detectors). At this point it is essential to note the fact that expression (5) is non-standard, in the sense that it embodies a non-unitary transformation: Two orthogonal state vectors (| and |, pertaining to the left wing of the setup) induce a projection (upon their measurement) onto a single state vector (|, pertaining to the right wing of the setup). In addition to being non-standard, we must also stress that expression (5) was posited solely on the heuristic notion of quantum mechanical ‘indistinguishability’ and, therefore, it remains to be seen if this state-vector transformation is allowed by quantum optics (implying that there would have to exist latent elements in the Fock-space algebra that go beyond the standard Hilbert-space formalism). Indeed, the remarkable feature of |is that the right-propagating photon is always projected onto the linear-polarization state | regardless of whether its partner photon was detected in mode 1 or 2 (on the left wing of the setup). So, if the Demon performs the switching activity, then the state on the right wing of the setup is always found to be |, whereas if the Demon just held, say, the DSM fixed in place, then the state on the right wing of the setup would just be an incoherent 50/50 mixture of the|and| states (as can be inferred from (3), where the state | is explicitly shown). These two distinct states obtained on the right wing, as a function of the two specified behaviors of the Demon on the left wing, are in fact distinguishable by an observer on the right wing and, therefore, a protocol for superluminal signaling may be constructed. 3. Superluminal Signaling The Demon can encode the information bits ‘0’ and ‘1’ by defining a fixed time interval within which a batch of detections occur and, depending on what bit he wants to transmit, he chooses whether he will leave the DSM in place during the fixed time interval (‘0’ bit, resulting in measurement statistics on the right wing corresponding to the |/| incoherent mixture) or perform the switching activity during the fixed time interval (‘1’ bit, resulting in measurement statistics on the right wing corresponding to the pure state |). By concatenating any number of such fixed time intervals, the Demon, on the left wing, can transmit a message to the right wing of the setup. In order for the message to be truly superluminal, the fixed time interval chosen to manifest the ‘0’ or ‘1’ bit must be brief enough to ensure space-like separation between the left and right wings of the setup. In other words, the encoding of a bit (on the left wing) should be completed before any other causal signal can reach the right wing. Furthermore, we must stipulate that the detectors on the left and right wings of the setup are configured to properly record events: The two photons comprising each SPDC pair are created virtually simultaneously at a very localized (point-like) region within the source and their strict energy correlation (due to the CW monochromatic pump) ensures that a detection of a photon on the left wing will always be accompanied by the detection of its partner photon on the right wing, provided the detection ‘gate time’ and detector synchronizations are suitably chosen with respect to the SPDC emission rate and geometry of the setup. 4. Conclusion In conclusion, we have described a quantum-optical setup that purports to evade the constraints of the no-signaling theorem, allowing superluminal transmission of information. The setup appears to be feasible, but perhaps is best described as a quasi-gedanken experiment because of the, as yet, unspecified physical device that will perform the activity of the Demon. It remains to be seen if the scheme is flawed, or if it points to some deficiency in the standard quantum mechanical formalism, or if it indeed implies the existence of latent superluminal signaling protocols within the current theoretical framework of quantum mechanics [13,14]. References [1] Schroedinger, E., Naturwissenschaften 23, 807 (1935). [2] Einstein, A., Podolsky, B., and Rosen, N., Phys. Rev. 47, 777 (1935). [3] Bell, J., Physics 1, 195 (1964). [4] Tittel, W., and Weihs, G., Quantum Information and Computation 1, 3 (2001) [5] Ghirardi, C.G., Rimini, A., and Weber, T., Lettere al Nuovo Cimento 27, 293 (1980) [6] Bussey, P. J., Physics Letters A 90, 9 (1982) [7] Jordan, T. F., Physics Letters A 94, 264, (1983) [8] Shimony, A., The Foundations of Quantum Mechanics: in the Light of New Technology, Tokyo: Hitachi, Ltd. (1984) [9] Redhead, M., Incompleteness, Non-locality, and Realism, Oxford: Clarendon Press (1987) [10] Eberhard, P.H. and Ross, R.R., Foundations of Physics Letters 2, 127–149 (1989) [11] Sherer, H. and Busch, P., Physical Review A 47:3, 1647-1651 (1993) [12] Kennedy, J. B., Philosophy of Science 62, 4 (1995) [13] Srikanth, R., Pramana - J Phys 59:169 (2002) [14] Greenberger, D. M., Physica Scripta, T76 (1998)

You have to be a teenager in today's modern culture to understand. And yes. I know being a teenager can be hard for every generation. But there's been a massive change in the mindset of adults in the last few generations. And it's having a direct impact on teenagers. I guarantee it.

I'd tell you, but considering you're 18 and may want to make yourself grow larger, I'd like to know why you want to know before I tell you.

Also, Hollywood boulevard?? That is definitely not the average American. Crap. I got it wrong too. The peninsula that North and South Korea are on. I mixed it up with the one right below China.

A simple plugin that would test for "https://" in side of any new posts for members with less then 10 posts?

Wisdom, is so much deeper then you'll ever be able to discuss on an online forum. But if you wish to try, then you should start by finding out what people generally think of when they say someone is wise.

Nope. Not always.

So. How's funding going to be accomplished?

That's a first........ + 1

I'm religious. In fact, I'm so religious that I'm a......dare I say it to you..... a dirty narrow minded christian bigot. Better find the shotguns for when I plan to hold this science forum hostage for my religious beliefs.

$1600 is the overall objective. I work from home, so no rent. So $1600 / $25 = 64 Clients a month / 22 working days =~ 3 clients per day. Considering I'm just starting out I've assumed it'll take about 6 months to reach the point on one client a day, let alone 3. I have plenty of money stored away, and as long as I don't go out and buy a new car or anything, I should be able to last 6 months off of that alone. I do have a part time job already, supplying me with plenty of income to supplement that already. The people that come in simply call me to schedule when they drop it off. Usually the same day. I have three business days that I'm completely open all hours.(Wednesday/Thursday/Friday) Because the part time job is over the weekend and Monday and Tuesday. I'm able to live with the part time job alone, but I figured starting a business could include an unknown amount of start up costs. Additionally, I'm going to have a document stating that if they want any important files saved they should tell me and I'll put it on a flash drive. So worse case scenario I can restore important files at the very least. If they forget to tell me that the pictures of diseased Uncle Joe on the fishing trip was important, then I'm not liable for that.

Or, large quantity but little supply means higher prices. Just a few years ago it was a 1 man business. Now there is 6. To note, there is a lot of business near us. We live pretty much within equal distance from three major cities, and within a fairly large growing industrial town. They have a lot of business clients.

What the fuck did I just read.

I think an original post button would be really helpful in some cases. Like a small button that you could click to view the original post, before any edits were made. Just a suggestion. To me it seems like a simple thing to add but I have very limited experience in designing websites so I don't know.

Tax id numbers? I've already had to watch how much money I've been making so that I know I'm paying the proper amount of income tax. There's an accountant who does this for me. Is that enough? By laws are not a problem. I've checked that out already. No problems. If I cannot fix the problem they don't pay anything and I can refer them to a number of more qualified professionals. If I do accidentally break something, I haven't fully prepared for that yet. However I'm looking into small business liability insurance. But I'm thinking I should wait a while for business to pick up because at the moment the cost of insurance would be at least twice as much as the income. Also, I just noticed posts don't auto merge any more.

Yes. There is a need. There is only one business that does stuff like this within 20 miles of my place. And they used to do small individual home computers, but now mainly focus on businesses. They do still do home computers but the prices are high for just home computers. At least what people that I've talked to seem to think. $60 for a security checkup. Checkup. Not repair.

Hello guys. I've decided to start a small workshop where people bring me computers to repair/upgrade.(No, this is not advertisement.) I can upgrade hard drives, rams(insanely easy actually) etc. Basically, they'd have to come to me. However, I'm not expensive. To get a routine checkup and fix minor problems would be $25. This would take about an hour. If I have to fix stuff and it takes longer then an hour, then it's an additional $10 for each hour. Remember, they must come to me. For ram upgrades it'll be $40 and they'll just drop it off and I'll install the ram. The main cost of that is because I have to find which ram it takes, what size, high density/low etc and then ship it. Anyways, what do you guys think of this business plan? And any tips?

Fair enough. However, I meant more like modern times. But in truth, I did use "never". So you are very correct on that. Good job on your history. However, in modern times, 1960's to present, America hasn't gone to war with any country capable of nuclear weapons. And I'm fairly young, but if I remember correctly, no country capable of nuclear war has ever been attacked. Or attacked another country capable of nuclear war.

America has never gone to war with a country capable of doing significant damage back to it. If Kim has nukes, the ability to destroy one major city may be enough to bring in a stalemate.

I don't believe that to an extent. If it seems to be going great and working out, why would you throw it away in the hopes of something better? As a saying goes, the grass is always greener on the other side.