Bluenoise

Oh no it is entirley out there.

true enough, but sometimes you need to state that.

First of all a hydrogen bond isn't a dipole potential between hydrogen atoms and unbonded electrons. A hydrogen bond arrises from a dipole potential between hydrogen atoms and unbonded electrons. Secondly hydrogen doesn't carry the burden of the potential it releases the potential energy by forming a bond and satisfying the dipole potential. you seem to have it mixxed up. Unbound hydrogen doner and acceptor have potential energy. Bound hydrogen doner and acceptor have released the potential. anomaly? what anomaly hydrogen bonding is very simple and very well understood. ha ha ha ha ha ha You think that unequal energy from hydrogen bonding in varying angles can explain the living state!!!! ha ha ah ah ah ah ah ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha oh wait I need to breath ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha Listen here a puddle of water forms transient hydrogen bonds at varying angles but it is not alive. So thinking that you can reduce life to one simple interaction is just ... ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha Why do you think that someone would want to pay to listen to your convoluted confusing explainations on an incredibly simple subject that you obviously don't understand yourself. Honestly sunspot why do you seem to thing that everything revolves around hydrogen bonding? Like did the god of hydrogen bonding come to you in a dream and tell you to try to start a cult around hydrogen bonding?

It because one pair makes 2 hydrogen bonds between them and the other makes 3. IE the number of hydrogen donors and exceptors must match. they shows it http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Dna_pairing_aa.gif

Well biochemistry is really molecular biology + some chemistry - minus some biology. ...so they're would be no point really. The two disciplines are very simular. Plus I don't thick it's possible in most schools. At mine the biochemistry program doesn't leave you with enough electives to even take a minor along side it, never the less a major. But you can still take all the molecular biology courses, since both programs will likely have 70% of the same courses. So what I did was took the biochem program and then used my options and electives to take all the molecular biology courses I wanted. This is all depending on the school you try to apply for. It's not possible at mine, to get a biochemistry degree with a minor you'd have to spend an extra year in school minimun I know no one doing it. Now once again this all depends on where you apply, the best thing to do is to look at the programs at different schools see what they offer, what courses you'll take and make your decision.

Well that's only half right there are a hell of alot of mechanisms that these chemicals funtion by. The first is by catalyzing the production of reactive spies like radicals. These chemicals are typically photosensitizer for most part. They absorb photons and when they fall back to their normal energy they cause the creation of radicals which can potentially damage dna. The ones strongly implicated in cancer can do this many times, and they need to since the probability of a radical reating with the DNA is really small. Now there are species that form radicals in other methods, however these tend to form just one radical, and that has a untra low probability to actually reach the DNA to react since it will pretty much react with the first thing it finds. Now the second mechanism is that of Chelating between dna. Chemicals like benzene or PAH (poly aromatic hydrocarbons) have a low solubility in water, so for the body to eliminate them it must add chemical groups to them to make them soluble so they can be secreted in the urine(hydroxyl groups). Unfortunatley these activated aromatic rings look a hell of a lot like nucleic bases and tend to wedge themselves inbetween the rungs in the DNA ladder, causing errors in DNA replication that can lead to cancer. Some chemicals look so much like DNA (Base analogs) that they'll actually be put in place of bases During DNA replication and that can cause cancer as well. Also you can interfere with DNA proof reading and repair mechanism, dna replication has errors associated with it and just that alone can cause cancer. Also hormones can increase cell proliferation that can give potential cancer cells the head start that they need. Oh oxidation of methylated cytosines creates a base that is incorrectly repaired which can cause cancer. (hence the low occurance of methylated cytosines in DNA). Damn even your body heat is enough to cause a spontaneous break in your DNA which if not corrected properly and occuring in a "bad" position can give you cancer. I'm sure there are even more mechanisms.

Which is likely to require a knowledge of science. Lets face it there is no lack of people with business skills as well. The trick is being the best

From my personal experience approximatley 99% of all companies that say they do not ship internationally, seem to be under the impression that Canada is just another state or something like Hawaii.

My Major Is Honours Biochemistry with Biotechnology specialization. Which just means it's a biochemistry degree however most of my free and group electives are preassinged to certain biotech and molecular biology courses. There are no genetic engineering degrees (that I know of there's probably an exception somewhere). The reason that you wouldn't necessarily want to take a straight biotech degree with the intention of doing research is because that replaces alot of the research oriented courses with more business and industry oriented ones. However you can still do research with one you just might find yourself "lacking" in some areas. Molecular Biology is like the science of biotechnology so that is why I keep on bringing molecular biology up. However biochemistry includes much of what you'd need from molecular biology plus the fundamental chemical principles you need to know to do serious manipulations. Biochemistry/molecularbiology all provides roughts into the same graduate programs and careers since they probably overlap 80% of their material. However I'd recomend biochemistry because I think it's more "rounded" and It will really let you get a feel for everything and decided how you wish to proceed. However if taking straight chemistry courses is completely out of the question for you molecular biology or even biotechnology would surfice. It's really up to you. If you can handle both chemistry and biology then I'd suggest taking biochemistry. It's my personal oppinion that a good knowledge of chemistry is essential for a true understanding of biology as a whole. Not to say that I beleive that you can explain everything in biology with chemistry, but it be fool hardy to say you can explain all biology without chemistry. To give you an idea I'm doing research this summer in a molecular biology lab on Biodesign. Following that I'll be doing research with RNA and DNA controls of gene expression. Alot of people thing of biochemistry as drug design but it's really move far away from that in the past few years, design of small organic compound is mostly left to organic chemists now. Really it doesn't matter which one of the degrees I've mentioned you do as long as you do well and get research experience, you'll be able to go onto whatever you want.

And I quote...

Yeah I linked it too.... ..sigh.

Oh Well that's where I grew up, I have only a half month left in Waterloo, and 99% of the people on this board don't know where that is.

The one I used is Molecular Biotechnology by Glick and Pasternak 3rd edition, I found it very usefull. My current proff (Glick) wrote it. I haven't had need to use another one though so I don't really have anything to draw a comparisson from.

uhhhh I did leave the reference at the bottom of the post

It's nice having institutional access to every online journal from any computer with internet

Would I be putting this site at risk of copy right violations? Bahh who cares if anyone complains I'll take it down... You all better read it now!!! Freeman Dyson is professor emeritus at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. This is an extract from a talk given at the Amazing Light: Visions for Discovery symposium, held at the University of California, Berkeley, in October 2005 From issue 2538 of New Scientist magazine, 11 February 2006, page 36

http://www.newscientist.com/channel/life/genetics/mg18925381.300-make-me-a-hipporoo.html excellent article

I don't understand what you're trying to ask in the original post. Nor how e-coli's answer addresses it (though he's entirely correct).

I mean it's not particularly important if your goal is research, because ultimatley the way you will be judged is by the works you have published. And you will get these publications for the most part in grad school. And since entry to grad school is based off #1 Marks #2 research experience #3 your GRE's the school you went to for your undergrad really takes a back seat. For people who wish to exit school and join the private sector the institution that grants your degree is very important, as that is all a job interviewer will look at.

I nominate this thread to be moved to pseudoscience ASAP!!!

You're going to hate me for being so picky but thats not entirely true. Ribothymidine is present at certain select position in various mammalian tRNA's like the tRNA for Phenylalanine has a ribothymidine at a few select positions. I'm also pretty sure that these are done post transcriptionally but I'm not sure. Yeah this is a major exceptation and only serves to illustrate the massive collection of exceptions in biology.

Well I'd suggest going into a biochemistry program, though if too much chemistry scares you molecular biology would surfice. I wouldn't recomend genetics though, it probably wont focus where you need it too. I'm in Canada and know most about schools here. There are great american schools for this stuff. Berkley is great plus just about every other big californian school, Harvard, Cal-tech, Cornell. Really any school that tends to have a good medical program will also have good programs in these areas. Umm really it's not that important where you go for your undergrad or even your grad school if your goal is research. What you need to do is try to get as much lab experience as an undergrad and good grades, so you can pick a very good lab for grad school. Also READ, find good review journals and keep up to date with what's going on, that way you'll know what you have to do to get where you want to go with your research. Like I'm in the process of going to grad school. I got offers at the top 3 ranked schools here. But in the end I decided to goto the 3rd best. It came down to it just having the most inovative well funded lab with an awesome supervisor. I really wanted to goto the top school, but if I did I'd be kicking myself for turnign down the project of a life time .

What exactley do you want to do in biotech? There are alot of different carrers and paths to take. Research? Business etc...