exchemist

This list contains many questionable elements and does not indicate a crisis in energy supply, as you seem to assume it does. There is plenty of energy available at affordable cost today. Economies are not in worldwide recession due to energy supply or its cost. As @Endy0816 points out, there are regional constraints on supply, cost and distribution. Those do not constitute a crisis, except possibly in some specific locations, requiring local solutions. There is a climate crisis, requiring a rapid transition away from the use of fossil fuels for energy. What you pay for your gasoline is well below what we all have paid for it in Europe for decades now. (Current UK price is ~£1.5 per litre, i.e. ~ $7/USg.) So if that is your idea of a "crisis", you have led a sheltered life - and need to drive a less thirsty vehicle. American society is notoriously energy-hungry - even worse than W Europe - and we all need to use less to help the energy transition. But framing this as a "crisis" is wrong use of the word and is unhelpful. We can all use less, and we can all use more carbon-free energy. It's just a matter of political will - always difficult in a democracy, since voters prefer the status quo until they are really convinced.

You still have not described what energy crisis you refer to. There is plenty of energy available today, at affordable cost. There is a looming crisis due to climate change, from the burning of fossil fuels specifically. That is a climate change crisis, rather than an energy crisis per se. Is that what you are taking about? Or something else? And no, I'm not going to watch some YouTube video. The forum rules say discussion should be made possible on the basis of the words posted, without having to refer to external material. So it is for you, please, to explain in your own words what crisis you are referring to. Then we can have a discussion about it: first whether we agree there is indeed such a crisis; and second, if so, what to do about it. OK?

First, what energy “crisis” have you in mind”? Different people may understand different things by that word.

OK. However the Roman stylus was used to scratch characters on a wax tablet, not to leave a mark on paper. There was no paper until the c.13th or 14th, I think. The Romans did use pen and ink, on papyrus and parchment, but I've never heard of them using anything resembling a pencil. That is certainly not what a stylus was, according to my understanding.

Surely wood would be a lot cheaper and better, to make styli? Or bone? Why go to the trouble and expense of using lead?

Did the Romans really use a lead stylus? I should have thought it would be far too soft and would bend.

Petrichor, yes. (cf. Latin Petra = rock) Largely due to geosmin: Electric sparks give off a pungent smell, which is at least partly due to producing ozone. However I think there may also be some nitrogen oxides (NOx) generated. In the case of internal combustion engines, I'm fairly sure the pungent smell will be from NOx, production of which is a well-known pollution issue with them. As for cookers, though I've never heard of a cooker running on diesel fuel again my bet would be NOx, unless you are using a diesel fuel with appreciable sulphur content, in which case there could be sulphur oxides (SOx). However almost all diesel today in the developed world is very low sulphur so this is unlikely.

Not entirely. Ozone, being a reactive form of oxygen, can be used as a disinfectant, for example in municipal swimming pools as an alternative to chlorine. I had not heard of it being used as a domestic water purifying agent but I'm sure this could work. However, like chlorine, it is an irritant to lungs and eyes, so not something you want to breathe! What is nonsense is the popular, or literary, notion that the pleasant smell of seaside air is due to "ozone".

Yes indeed effective companies have ways of getting feedback from the front line. The area you mention has a long way to go, it seems. Since the Covid crisis it feels as if a lot of companies have cut back on customer service - one seems to get stuck in voicejail for ages and then the wazzock at the other end has no idea what you are talking about. Not at all. It is just common sense and was accepted for decades, until we got a recent streak of politicians promising easy, populist answers to difficult problems, courtesy of the internet turbocharging stupid attitudes. Immigration in the UK is a current classic.

No. The weight of the Saturn V at launch was ~3,000 mt: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_V But that rocket was able to carry up to 130mt into Earth orbit. Perhaps that is what you have picked up.

I think it's important to keep in mind how western democracies actually work. With the partial exception of the Swiss, they generally do not operate via referendum. We choose representatives to govern for us, recognising that the issues of government require dedicated focus and understanding, which the populace is neither capable of nor sufficiently interested in. We thus delegate decision-making, to people we have decided to trust on the basis of what they have told us about how they will reach decisions. It's the only way that makes sense in today's complex world. The board of directors of a company is in much the same position. The employees are often not able to see the whole picture, unless they do a hell of lot of extra work, outside their regular jobs. They would need to master disciplines other than their own (engineers would need to understand marketing and finance for example), to get in a position to make an informed reading of board papers, and understand the issues that the board concerns itself with. In most companies, there will be different interest groups in different parts of the business. Someone has to make hard decisions between options that favour one group or another. While I agree that a well-run company will have channels by which to consult employees and get feedback (absence of which can lead to delusions and disaster), I really don't think the cooperative model is likely to work, other than in small and simple enterprises in which everyone can see and understand the issues for themselves. I do agree a flat management structure is to be encouraged, but here the achievable flatness will depend on the level of autonomy that can be given to employees, which will in turn depend on the level of education and understanding that can be expected of them. (It's not by coincidence that there are so many ranks in the army.) Too facile by half.

From a brief web search I think this is for electrical uses mainly, where there is no mechanical stress on the joint.

Best of luck with your neurological reference frame.

The mistake you made at the beginning was not to realise that the length of a force vector is proportional to the magnitude of the force. That is how a force vector is defined in the first place. So multiplying the length of sides of the triangle of force vectors by the size of the force makes no sense. The triangle already is the forces. Any vector can be expressed as 2 components at right angles, an "x" and a "y" component if you like, which you add by means of constructing a right angled triangle out of them. Which you can draw as (You can ignore the "sin" and "cos" bits of trigonometry if you like: they were just there on the drawings I found on the web.)

I think it is sheer nonsense to imagine some kind of "hidden collusion" between political opponents in most Western democracies. There can be a few exceptions, in specific instances, generally for tactical reasons that everyone can see. One current example is the way Labour and the Liberal Democrats avoided campaigning against one another, in the run up to last night's UK general election, in order to ensure a resounding defeat for the Conservatives. And of course in countries with proportional representation there are often governments put together as coalitions of parties (e.g. The Netherlands). Or the current pooling of efforts in France to deny a majority to the RN next week. But these examples are not hidden collusion. They are out in the open for voters to see.

No.

If past form is any guide, it will be some kind of chippy p***ing contest to show the superiority of Asia over the West. 😁

Though the heat output drops when the temperature difference between input and output becomes large. The heat pumps I have looked at quote a minimum input temperature at which the specified output can be achieved. As I recall, something in single digit -ve Celsius temperatures.

Sandbox or funny farm? A paradigm shift in which mathematics is treated as a “blind alley”, and in which we are exhorted to create vortices on top of pyramids to overcome gravity? Come off it. This is just barking mad.

This is word salad. I think you need to see a medical professional. Anyway, I'm out.

No mine was the 100 legs and flies one. But seriously, did you hitch a lift on a dustcart down the Cowley Rd, in Oxford? Or moonlight from uni as a dustman? When was that? Sounds as if a 4 Yorkshiremen sketch could be coming on............... Come to think of it, there were Geordies around reading chemistry at my college. From Newcastle Grammar.

What has 100 legs and flies?

Why would robotics have anything to do with this? Most of the energy is released as neutrons, which would be absorbed in a blanket of material, most likely Li, surrounding the reactor and the heat thereby released would raise steam. I can't see any role for robotics in this.

You can really get dragged into the weeds trying to react to individual random graphs generated to sow disinformation, unless you are an expert in the field. There’s a whole cottage industry peddling disinformation “talking points” and as soon as you knock down one they will come up with another. The question really is whether these people seriously believe all the climatologists are wrong, whereas they, with their barrack- room lawyer’s opinions, are right, or whether they think the climatologists are all - worldwide - engaged in some kind of conspiracy, and if so, to what end?

What would be the type of units in which E is measured? Units of length? Or what?