exchemist

The smallest would be a monatomic molecule, for instance any of the inert gases (Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon). These atoms don't form chemical bonds at all, or only with great difficulty, so as substances they are composed of single atoms. So in this case, the atom and the molecule are one and the same.

A molecule is a group of atoms joined by chemical bonds, constituting the smallest complete subunit of a chemical compound that can take part in chemical reactions. In the case of giant structures there is no such subunit. You could almost say that, with a giant structure, the whole structure could be thought of as one giant molecule, but even that would not be entirely right as it has no fixed size: it's size simply depends on how big the entire crystal is!

Hmm, could be. From what I read about him in the Financial Times, Musk is a hardcore free-market tech bro, thinking that most functions of the state should be outsourced to private enterprise IT companies to obtain efficiencies. The full "Robocop" scenario, in fact! To me - as to the makers of "Robocop" - this is a vision of a dystopian hell, with the populace fed a diet of comforting lies and cheap consumerism ("I'll buy that for a dollar"), while IT corporations make decisions about society based solely on profit-driven self-interest.

Actually this is not correct, because not all compounds are molecules. There are also giant structures, both ionic (such as common salt) and covalent, (such as quartz). These compounds are not molecular in nature but are indefinitely extended arrays of atoms, with regular repeating units that correspond to the formula of the compound: NaCl i.e. one Na+ to every Cl-, and SiO₂, i.e. one Si atom with 4 covalent bonds to every 2 O atoms with 2 covalent bonds each. (Metals are also a 3rd type of giant structure, but these are generally not chemical compounds.) But yes, you are right that oxygen and nitrogen are both diatomic molecules: O=O and N≡N. Carbon dioxide is a triatomic molecule: O=C=O. (Oxygen also forms a triatomic molecule, ozone, but that is very reactive and not good to breathe at all - though it does find some application in disinfecting public swimming baths.)

That sounds about right. Meanwhile Musk, famous for his impatience, will become more and more frustrated and angry. And then a fuse will blow and he’ll storm out. Probably.

I don’t follow you here. Sure, the absolute value of the momentum depends on the choice of inertial frame, but the change in it does not. Just as the velocity of a thrown cricket ball is different as seen from the ground vs. a passing car, whereas the change in velocity when it is caught is the same for both frames of reference. Or am I missing something?

Who will put Musk’s recommendations into effect, then? Trump himself?

A classic salt bridge, in fact.

I found this which may help to explain: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg_white. esp. this passage: "Copper bowls have been used in France since the 18th century to stabilize egg foams. The copper in the bowl assists in creating a tighter bond in reactive sulfur items such as egg whites. The bond created is so tight that the sulfurs are prevented from reacting with any other material. A silver-plated bowl has the same result as the copper bowl, as will a pinch of powdered copper supplement from a health store used in a glass bowl. " I believe there are disulphide and thiol (-SH) groups in egg albumen which will react with Cu and Ag. The reason why Cu and Ag bond in this way while Group I and II metals don't will be to do with the nature of the bonding. Gp I and II metals will only form fully ionic bonds, whereas Cu and Ag can form bonds with more covalent character, possibly with some π-contribution in the case of a 3rd row element like S. I can't remember much about this, though, so maybe someone else can help.

I'm amazed this is still going on. A pattern has emerged. A simple question is asked - and the answer is several paragraphs of verbiage, dancing around the issue and introducing newly invented terminology, but not answering the question. At the end of the day, no answer has been given to explain how, given that, as @John Cuthber and others have pointed out, a range of compositions can have the identical density, one composition can be positively identified without any extra information being provided. Unless a succinct answer to this can be provided, one is forced to conclude this is all bullshit.

As far as I know, there is no workable system of democracy other than electoral democracy. So I think your distinction is of little significance in practice.

Because sabre-rattling is a sign of insecurity and makes war more likely, not less. Everyone knows the USA has the power to destroy Russia. Talking about it is cheap. What gets the Russians’ attention is demonstration of resolve. The re-election of Trump shows that the USA lacks that resolve. I share your hope that Putin may eventually get deposed by internal revolt, but that won’t come from talk by the US president. In fact, now that Trump has been re-elected, Putin will feel quite safe from any threat from the USA. Trump is on his side.

Would be funny if it turns out to be some very large scale inverse square law. Newton would be cackling in his grave.

No, because the tense of the question is wrong for that. It would have read “how many missiles would have been launched” , if it was a question about 1962. Asking how many the US “would launch” places the hypothetical question firmly in the present/near future, to my mind.

Bearing in mind @swansont's stricture, above, the answer is: zero.

I'm an outside observer from across the Atlantic but it seems to me the most vital thing is to be alert for and challenge attempts at state level to alter the electoral process and the electoral arithmetic by unfair means. And also to oppose by means of vigorous campaigning any whisper of attempts to bypass the 2 term rule. I think it more than possible that Trump and/or Vance may try this, e.g. by fabricating a "state of emergency" or one of the other methods favoured by autocrats and one party states. I would agree there is little point in opposing specific policies: one has to watch them fail and then allow their proponents to reap what they have sowed. But the undermining of the country's system of democracy cannot pass unchallenged, as that easily becomes a one way street.

Not only is this mad nonsense but the video is hilarious, with a voiceover slowed to half speed while someone does a Darth Vader impression in the background (unless it's a video made by somebody in an iron lung).

Comparing rape statistics between countries is a poor measure for estimating violence in society, due to the different legal definitions and differences in willingness of victims to report it. There is some discussion of the issues here: I quote one paragraph relating to Germany, as you mention it: https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/rape-statistics-by-country " Sweden's seemingly oversized rape rate is perhaps the best-known example of this scenario. During the years 2013-2017, Sweden averaged 64 reported rapes per 100,000 inhabitants—a rate that tied for the highest in Europe. However, when the data was examined, it became clear that Sweden's high numbers were fueled in large part by Sweden's broader definition of rape and more inclusive reporting rules compared to other European countries. When the data was recalculated using Germany's narrower guidelines, for example, Sweden's average reported rapes per 100,000 people fell from 64 to 15, a decrease of 76.56%."

🦇 🐐 💩

You might be right about that. My guess is he may try to get the NY Times shut down. He's hated it for years. He can almost bankrupt it by court cases, tax investigations and so on - and then see it sold off to one of the tech bros: maybe Musk, or a milquetoast like Bezos. That will be a warning to the MSNBCs, CNNs etc. to play ball or face the consequences.

If you agree with me about gun culture, why are you dragging in these extraneous other issues?

Well Trump is a troll so it's quite funny he got trolled by Putin. Putin will be overjoyed at the result. Autocrats all over the world will see this result as confirmation that democracy - both in the US and more widely - is a weak and flabby system whose time is up. And there is no doubt it is in retreat now. I learned this splendid N American expression through a Canadian negotiator's commentary on the US/Canada trade talks, when Trump was in office before. A journalist texted this guy to ask how it was going and got a 2 two word reply: "goat rodeo". Invited to elaborate, he responded: "This. Is. A. Total. Goat rodeo." Very Canadian. 😁

No, I claim today's prize for tautology. 😁

Yup, the goat rodeo has begun already, earlier than even I thought it would. I’ll be fascinated to see what happens when they try to deport 2m (or is it more?) immigrants. To where? Will they dump the population of a large city, just across the Mexican border, without any agreement with the Mexican government? What will happen then? Then the tariffs will kick in, raising prices of imported goods and provoking a trade war on all sides that will cripple exports. Meanwhile, that 6-cylinder nutcase Kennedy will be charge of the nation’s health - a dead bear in every hospital, perhaps? Musk will try to sack a third of the nation’s civil servants, presumably starting with those responsible for protecting the public from unscrupulous business practices and then going on to disband the Dept of Education. That should lead to a better informed electorate, right? Trump will pardon himself for any crimes he is convicted of, if he can’t get the supine Supreme Court to overturn the verdicts. Putin is right: the USA is in decline. And so is democracy.

This seems to be meaningless word salad.