exchemist

Waves of alternating electric and magnetic fields, at right angles to one another and to the direction of propagation. Pictures, and explanations, of this can be found in many places, for instance here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation

I don't know this book but I imagine it may mean that the specific reduction reaction he is talking about has a negligible reverse rate. He can't mean alcohols cannot be oxidised to aldehydes or ketones, obviously. (I presume that, in this reaction, the leaving group in question may be hydride or something.)

OK so this was a disc-shaped radar reflector suspended from a balloon, which nevertheless prompted press reports of flying saucers. I see.

The probability of a new zoonotic disease being found at a random place is whatever it is. Whether there is a virus lab there or not has no effect on that probability, any more than finding it in a place with a river, or a place where the buses are red. Monkey and typewriters is a complete non-analogy as far as this is concerned.

Think of a long railway train. A locomotive starts to pull one end. The far end starts moving almost instantly, even though the speed of the train is very slow. So a signal can be transmitted very fast, even though the medium transmitting it moves slowly.

When you put your hand near what you may think is steam, it is just condensed water droplets. For real steam, i.e. vapour at 100C, you would need to put your hand into the invisible stream issuing from the spout of a vigorously boiling kettle, i.e. the inch or so before it becomes visible as a cloud of "steam". If you ever do that, you will scream and need to see a doctor: the scald will be far more intense than from boiling water. Do not try it. That's because of the latent heat.

No it isn’t.

You are making a mistake regarding probability. If there is a one in 1000 probability of you stubbing your toe on any given day, then doing so on the first Sunday of the year when there is a full moon does not make that probability lower. It is still 1 in 1000. So if there is a certain probability of the virus being zoonotic in origin, based on previous experiences of zoonotic viruses of this type, that is not reduced by the virus being found at a place where there is a virus lab.

Radioactive decay, chemical change, erosion etc. If you look a railway track that is out of service for 6 months and look at it at the start and end of that interval of time you will see the appearance has changed. It seems a stretch to ascribe that change to movement - though at the atomic level there has been motion of oxygen atoms, I suppose.

It seems to me it is not movement that makes intervals of time useful to measure, but change. Motion involves change (of position), but not all change involves motion.

There is no reason to think this article is wrong: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc_rot

Post your idea here if you want a response.

Your mistake is in treating light as if it is a perception, like colour. It isn't. Light, or to be more general, electromagnetic radiation, is a physical thing.

Well obviously. It's other people's religions where the problems can start.

The two ways I've tried to this, in neither case from scratch I have to say, were reproofing a Barbour jacket with wax ( a tricky process involving melting a tin of proprietary wax in hot water and applying it with a cloth) and spray proofing a raincoat with Scotchgard, which I think is a silicone. It sounds as though with your gloves going the Scotchgard route would be the thing to try. I found it needed several applications to be fully effective and even then was not 100%, but it's a lot better than nothing.

Gibberish.

No you need to discuss your ideas here, in words. If you have been changing the appearance of copper coins, that sounds like chemistry rather than astronomy and cosmology. Is there a reason why you chose to post under this heading?

Most people will use a bin if there is one handy that doesn’t look revolting. In nearly every location I have seen where is litter, there are no bins to be seen anywhere. The exception is deliberate fly-tipping of rubbish, which happens a lot. I suspect the solution there is surveillance cameras.

Provide plenty of litter bins, in the places where people need them, and keep them regularly emptied and looking clean.

As so often in chemistry, it's not a black and white situation. You don't have either "a bond" or "no bond", but bonds, sometimes "partial" in character, that can vary in strength and completeness. BF3 is indeed the weakest Lewis acid of the various trihalides, which is attributed to F providing more effective π overlap than its congeners. This would be because it would involve 2p subshells on both atoms, which are of similar size: overlap between orbitals of different shells is commonly not so effective. But there is still a gain in stability in going from BF3 with 3 partial π-bonds to 4 full σ-bonds in an sp3 hybridised adduct with NH3. In part this will be because the back-donation from F requires a degree of polarisation against the electronegativity of the atoms, i.e. with a δ- on B and a δ+ on F. So the extra stability from the extra bonding won't be that great. The above is all a bit handwavy, I know. There is a more advanced discussion of this issue using Molecular Orbital theory here: https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/80247/molecular-orbital-diagram-for-bf3. which is really a more proper way to analyse it. (I'm afraid I've forgotten my Group Theory, so I can't guide you all the way through this.) But you will see there is a low-lying antibonding LUMO (Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital) into which a pair of electrons can be accepted, at the expense only of reversing out the π-bonding contribution. You will see from that that it is a quite a complicated story, so your question is by no means a trivial one.

That seems a rather peculiar statement. Can you explain it? Because most articles I have read say the key is confinement of the plasma, in a dense enough state for fusion to occur.

The one a bit to the left of the other.

You mean you are suddenly wondering about this in your fifties? (It was the reference to your mother - and the rather basic nature of the questions - that made me think you were at school.) Yes words mean things, but you are also expected to engage your brain a bit. I did that when I saw your question and came up with an answer for you. Did it seem reasonable?

It depends on your neurological reference frame.

OK but regarding nudity in society today, please also see my response to your original thread on this, in September.