MaximusPrime

Hello, just a clarification: tRNA does not get translated. It is transcribed in the nucleus and then undergoes post transcriptional modification. Next it is exported to the cytoplasm where it finds its corresponding aminoacyl tRNA synthetase. This is a special enzyme that "charges" the tRNA by adding an amino acid to it. The charged tRNA then floats in the cytoplasm until it is needed. The tRNA is called upon when a nearby translating ribosome gets to a codon that matches the chargered tRNA's anticodon. Our adventurous tRNA is then sucked into the ribosome and positioned in just the right way so that the rRNA within the ribosome can transfer the tRNA's amino acid onto the end of whatever protein the ribosome is in the process of making. Once this peptidyl transfer reaction occurs, the tRNA is unceremoniously spat out the other end of the ribosome where it is once again wrapped in the embrace of a tRNA synthetase, recharged, and sent back to continue it's tireless work. As to the original question, I'm actually curious about how tRNA and rRNA avoid being mistaken for viral RNA. Since they are generally uncapped, how would a cell know not to destroy them? My best guess is that the free 5' ends of these molecules are hidden inside secondary structure, but I'd love to know if there's more information out there.