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The basic idea behind the normal work of a body is maintaining the pH value in the different regions of the body within its normal, specific ranges. A chronic disease is under this assumption the result of a more or less wrong pH value of the affected organs, regions and/or blood in the body. That’s the common belief. I will introduce the theory that the pH value of blood is the pH value which controls every part of the Human body. It ‘interacts’ with all the other pH values of the body and it is by far the most important pH value since blood is with the exception of the corneas of the eyes distributed throughout the whole body. The pH value is a measurement of the acidity of a aqueous solution. The neutral pH value is pH 7. Any pH value above is alkalic and below is acidic. Blood needs to have a pH value between 7.35. and 7.45. That means it needs to be low alkalic. If the pH value of blood continues for awhile slightly below 7.35 the body becomes hyperacid and a lot problems can occur. For example your joints can start to hurt. A pH value below 7 yields to coma and death. To regulate the pH value in cells the body uses buffers. Buffers are aqueous solutions which easily interconvert between acid and base forms. If you look at the needed range of the pH value for blood, which is between 7.35 and 7.45 and you observe that a blood pH value slightly below 7 is leading to coma and death, you may imagine the sensitivity of the hydrogen ion concentration in blood. Why is that? The difference between the highest and the lowest pH value that is healthy of blood is 0.1 and the difference between it and the pH value of blood that can lead to coma and death is slightly more than 0.35. In an acid with pH 0 every acid molecule is dissociated into its hydrogen ions and the negative loaded part of the molecule. Comparing now the narrow range of the healthy pH value in blood which is 0.1 with the distance to coma or death which is about 0.35 - 0.4 we observe that the pH value in blood is extremely sensitive. This is becoming more clear, if we compare the total number of the hydrogen ion concentrations of pH 0.1 and pH 0.4. The difference of the number of the hydrogen ions is about 20 hydrogen ions per litre. This is only not negligible because it makes the difference between death and healthiness. Processes that are leading to a high deviation from the normal values are called acidosis and alkalosis. They can be metabolic or respiratory. In the blood the buffer equation is given by the weak carbonic acid which dissociates into the bicarbonate ion and carbon hydroxide. In order to maintain healthiness, meaning pH value of blood is around 7.4, the relation between bicarbonate and carbon acid must be 20:1. Blood takes oxygen from the lungs and transports to the cells, which are converting it into carbon dioxide. Carbon hydroxide is being transported back to the lungs by blood in order to exhale it. Blood transports also food. It is responsible for the different metabolisms in the human body. It transports sugar to the all cells, which produce energy by some mechanism. It is widely believed that for example kidneys or lungs are helping to maintain the pH value in blood by affecting the buffer components in the blood. Well, I think this is not that simple. Oxygen is entering the body through the nose and the mouth. It enters then the lungs and is transported by the blood to cells where it is oxidised to carbon oxide. But as with every chemical system it is an equilibrium equation with minimum two sides. In equilibrium the pH value of blood is between 7.35 and 7.45. But as we have explained above the difference between death and healthiness of the Human body is without buffers a hydrogen ion concentration of around 20 ions per litre. With carbon acid - bicarbonate being the buffer system the range widens up to about 400 hydrogen ions per litre. The total number of molecules per litre is a number with ten to the power of twenty three. That’s a number with twenty three zeros. We see that still the range of hydrogen ions allowed to vary is nearly negligible. This influence is essential, since the pH value of the blood is extremely sensitive as we have seen. Only a negligible small deviation of the hydrogen ion concentration per litre can result in a total chaos of the body. A heavy consumption of alcohol can provide health problems since according to the basic equation, carbon acid + alcohol <-> ester + water, leads to the production of carbon acids which in turn lowers the pH value of blood and thus every other part of the Human body. If we consider as the carbon acid in the basic equation above the buffer acid, it will exceed after some time of continuously consumption of alcohol and the body runs into problems. If we consider this example, we see that the pH value in blood is very sensitive. We can imagine that everywhere in the body the pH value is very sensitive. Thus for example the Lipase an enzyme that is existing for example in pancreas does its optimum work there at pH 8. Pancreas produces insulin. Insulin promotes the transfer of glucose into fat, liver and muscle cells. Insulin is a protein, thus an amino acid. Thus insulin is a part in the chain blood -> energy (glucose) -> body. Why can’t it sometimes be produced anymore? The pH level in the pancreas must be responsible for producing insulin. How do the different pH levels in the Human body connect? The only parts in the Human body that do not have blood vessels are the cornea in the eyes. Thus one can conclude that the pH level in blood has an influence in every part of the Human body except that of the corneas in the eyes. As an example of the effect of an unhealthy pH value we look to the bone marrow. Blood cells are produced in the bone marrow by cell division of so-called stem cells. The cell division is also depending on the outside pH value of the cells. If the pH value is not in its range the cell division of stem cells to blood cells suffers. Also the pH value in the intra- and extracellular fluids of the brain is very important. It could be responsible for several mental problems from the biochemical point of view. We can only imagine how much a slight deviation influences the individual number of hydrogen ions the Human body as a whole. Especially if we take into account that blood is by far the most important part of the body. Blood interacts with, except the corneas of the eyes, every part of the body and we can conclude that its pH value influences the Human body entirely with a tremendous effect. Why wasn’t this yet recognised? I believe people weren’t asking: How narrow are the ranges of the hydrogen ion concentration? People seem to only talk about the pH value and didn’t think to express the hydrogen ion concentration in actual numbers of ions per litre and weren’t relate this to the total number of molecules per litre. Moreover, they weren’t considering the individuality of every Human being. I mean if you only consider everywhere ranges of pH values or the so-called ranges of blood values, you don’t incorporate the individuality of any Human being correctly. You need to measure the pH value of blood and then look how a slight change affects the body. An increase of the pH value in blood can be gained by lowering the temperature of the body or by consuming vegan alkaline food.

Well, it has an influence. Buffering has its boundaries. Just read my new post.

Chronic diseases like diabetes or celiac disease are believed to be only handled by specific external medication or/and a diet. I try to provide a theory for many or nearly all chronic diseases. A fact is that the pH value of blood is highly important for the health of the body. With a pH value below 7 you are going to die. I try to make clear that the pH value of blood is the basic indicator for any chronic disease that could occur in humans. Why is that? As I pointed out in a former post, the pH value is of immense importance because blood is present throughout the whole body except of the cornea of the eye. Its pH value is in the range of 7.35 - 7.45. Since blood is available throughout the whole body, it influences all other pH values for example that of the liver, the lungs, the pancreas etc. If the pancreas is damaged it loose sooner or later the ability to produce insulin. This problem is the result of the acidity of the pancreas. The questions are first: How to prevent this state? And second: If the problem already occurred, is it possible to regain a healthy pancreas? In order to prevent the state one can eat healthy, that means one needs to eat in a way that the pH value of blood maintains its value between 7.35 and 7.45. However it should be controlled if the pH value of the pancreas is around 8. If the pH value is too far away from 8, I propose to vary the pH value of blood because even the range from 7.35 - 7.45 is highly sensitive. The step from pH value of 7.35 - 7.36 takes only, incorporating the buffering mechanism of hydrogen ion concentration through the bicarbonate/carbon acid mechanism, 20x2=40 hydrogen ions per litre. Thus the change of the pH value of blood within the empiric range of 0.01 is much more than extremely sensitive, if you know that the number of molecules in an aqueous solution is about ten to the power of twenty three. That’s a number with twenty three zeros before the dot! The additional second question is: Can one regain the production of insulin in some way? I think this depends on any individual person. I think, there are many cases where the pancreas can regain its operability, because everyone should do a blood sugar once a year. There are two ways to restore the pH value of blood if it is too low. First: Eat food that leads to an alkalic state of blood and second perform an undercooling of the blood because this raises also the pH value. The undercooling is commonly undertaken, if operations are done. It should be clear that for everyone an individuell diet and/or if possible an also individuell undercooling procedure plan should be developed. This is definitely an alternative for pharmaceutical treatments.

The DNA is constructed by a double chain build up of nucleotides. Each chain is constructed by a huge number of nucleotides. A nucleotide is build up of a connection of an amino base a five carbon sugar and a phosphate. These nucleotides are connected by hydrogen bonds. A hydrogen bond is a chemical bond which can be build by hydrogen and partners like oxygen, nitrogen or other electronegative atoms or molecules. If the temperature of blood rises, haemoglobin is releasing oxygen easily. For example then muscles can do work. The pH value of blood decreases. It is often mentioned that for example the DNA in blood cells has a melting point. Thus a low pH value provides a disruption of the DNA. Can a restoration of the original pH value lead to a recombination of DNA? It can, cause it is a fact that DNA repair is done many times everyday. Is there a threshold for the individually possible DNA repair? I don’t think so, only in extremely bad situations. The best thing is, that it can be done by restoring the pH value in blood. Why? Because blood is, as I was arguing in former posts, available everywhere in the human body, except in the cornea of the eye. Four different amino bases are building up together with a five carbon sugar and a phosphate group a nucleotide. Nucleotides are bonding together in a strand by hydrogen bonds. People characterise the strands of DNAs by series of amino bases. People seem to be convinced that the sugars and phosphates are not that important. Since the DNA is a double stranded polymer build up of nucleotides connected by hydrogen bonds and since it is individual for nearly everyone, its pH value will be at least slightly different. This is due to the fact that the number of each amino base is individually different. Also their locations within the strands are different. Stable pH values in the human body are extremely sensitive and individual. This is a result of the extremely high numbers of amino bases in their different locations and the hydrogen bonds of the nucleotides. It is needed to find a experimental quantitative method much more effective than the pH value to determine the acidity of the DNA. The sensitivity of a well functioning DNA could differ by one or a few hydrogen ions. The sensitivity is for example given by the equation: Amino base-sugar-phosphate + water <-> amino base- hydrogen ion—sugar-phosphate + hydroxide ion. The four possible amino bases of any nucleotide in the DNA are called adenine, abbreviated by A, guanine G, cytosine C and thymine T. The human DNA consists of more than 3 billion bases and 99 percent of the bases are the same. Imagine now such an equation for every nucleotide in the polymer double stranded chain of the DNA. The equilibrium of the equation for the whole DNA determines the overall pH value but this must be highly sensitive, because the individual pH value of every nucleotide in the DNA must be properly maintained. Thus the order of the sequence is responsible for the pH value and the properties of an individual. If the pH value for every individual DNA differs only by a few hydrogen ions, why is then the pH value for every single nucleotide so important? I could argue, because everyday so much DNA repair is needed to be done. But then another question comes up: Why does so many DNA repair is needed, if the pH value is only differing by a few hydrogen ions? The pH value is individual, since the equation above is individual to any amino base and therefore determining also any codon, which is a structure unit of the DNA build up of a sequence of three amino bases of a more or less arbitrary combination of A, G, C or T where every base can occur more than once. The codons, of which then are existing 64 different ones in human DNA have individual properties and in every different DNA strand there are existing different series of codons. The DNA repair can be seen as an attempt to maintain the healthy individual pH value in any human. If the acidity for example varies by more than a few hydrogen ions per litre with respect to the individual normal level, than the DNA repair must take place. That’s because the pH value of blood and other organs is crucial as I have explained in the former two posts. And that’s not all. The hydrogen bonds must be stable and the spatial structure must be maintained too. This all explains to me why so much DNA repair is needed in the body per day. The individuality of any human being is build up in her/his DNA and that what he consumes and the environment in which she/he lives. These interactions determine the different pH values in and outside of cells in the organs, the blood and other regions of the body. If the body cannot control the DNA repair anymore, it comes usually to diseases. A constructive approach to regain control of the DNA repair is by finding out what’s wrong with the pH value of the affected cells and correct it by regulating the pH value. The intracellular and extracellular pH values are interacting. Within a cell the pH value is around 6.8. In blood the pH value lies within the range of 7.35 and 7.45. There are specific membrane transport proteins which move ions, molecules or macromolecules across the biological membrane of a cell. Every cell has its specific function. Proteins are constructed in two steps. The first is called transcription and the second is called translation. The details are here not interesting. Proteins are used by the body for several tasks, like providing energy. The outside pH value is based on the ability of haemoglobin which can pick up or loose hydrogen ions. Thus like the carbon acid/bicarbonate system it buffers the pH value. To summarise all what has been said: The pH value of DNA is determined by its structure and thus by its order. The DNA is extremely sensitive to changes of its pH value. Its pH value varies mainly by the ‘interaction’ with the pH value outside the cell, thus with that of blood and therefore with that of haemoglobin. The sensitivity of the pH value of the DNA can be imagined if we observe that 99.9 percent of the 3 billion bases in humans are the same, and thus mainly DNA’s structure, its order is responsible for the individuality of humans. And the structure of the DNA is maintained by its pH value. The question that remains: What information remains in the 0.1 percent? People seem to found out that the 0.1 percent defines where the human originates from. But does this also include the individuality of humans? I don’t think so, because we can imagine theoretically that many many more than 7 billion people can live on earth and everyone is an individual with her/his own appearance, brain, thoughts, beliefs etc. Thus I believe the individuality of a human is twofold. It is given by its origin due to the 0.1 percent of the difference in the bases of every human and second in the structure of the overall code: The order of the DNA.