John Ye

The interaction is electron with magnetic flux line, which makes electron be deflected, and lose energy. If no additional energy is given, the electron will finally stop circling. In any term, we say that electron has a minus acceleration value. My assertion is not the same as those in main stream textbook. If the same, we are not necessary to discuss the topic here. Go back to the simplest case, you said radiation, I said no. I give linear accelerator as evidence. I think you had better to give experimental evidence, not what main stream textbook says.

Electrons in linear accelerator don't radiate, electrons in cyclotron do. This is a solid fact.

In fact, it will slow down. Do you agree this? We can say that it slows down because it emits energy. Or we can say that it radiates because it has a minus acceleration value. The physical nature is that the interaction between electron and magnetic field makes it radiates energy Any radiating charge in magnetic field only (without other field) will be slowing down and finally completely stop. Its acceleration value must be below zero. Swansont, let's begin from the simplest case. It is easy to figure out. When a electron was attracted by only one non deflection force, it is moving in straight line with a plus acceleration value, it goes faster and faster. I said, it Will NOT emit energy. Do not agree this?

John, I did not miss your point. For generating X ray, electrons must be running fast enough toward anode and hit anode. Do you agree this? So the meaningful speed is electron's velocity relative to anode. Each one's speed relative to other is not meaningful. The electrons will not emit energy before hitting anode. the electrons constitutes so called cathode ray, and they are not having exactly the same velocity. some of them may slower than others. from one electron's point of view, other electrons is not stationary, acceleration and velocity varies. but these values make no sense. the meaningful value is the speed relative to anode.

moving electron entering magnetic field leads to a circle movement. As I said previously, it will slow down, and finally it will stop. Many experiments can serve as evidence. Electrons in cyclotron will finally stop after switching off the electric field while keeping magnetic deflection. Both electrons' speed is relative to the anode, each relative to other one does not make any sense. For X ray can be generated only by this speed. It is the interaction between electrons and anode that makes them to reduce speed and release energy.

Running ( been accelerated or not) electrons hitting something, their acceleration value is changed, their velocity value is changed. They emit energy. If no this interaction, they will continue to run in a constant speed, without energy emitted.

In CRT, electron is attracted by anode screen, at the same time, is deflected by deflection magnetic field or deflection electric field. So it will emit radiation before hitting screen, and on hitting screen. Or we can put it this way: for an electron running in a straight line, accelerating one will not emit energy, decelerating one will. So the free falling change will not emit radiation.

Velocity is combined when electron hitting tube glass. Let's think a running car hits a big tree. If car crashes to the tree while driver is still stepping on accelerator pedal, the car has two forces on it. One is engine force, the other is tree's reaction force. The result is a bad car and hurting driver. Combined velocity is very very big, of course a minus value. While car hits wall, cara's kinetic energy is converted to other forms and suddenly released, thermal, probably light, sound, electromagnetic radiation, etc.

Electrons hits glass, and hits gas atoms. The tube is not 100% vacuum. The electrons hitting something are exerted two forces, not one.

X ray from anode falls into two categories. On is emitted by the suddenly broke high speed electrons (continuous spectrum), the other is emitted by anode material's atom electrons' transition, which has discrete spectrum. Both metal anode and glass covered anode generate X ray. But glass hitting is less effective, because glass is more sparse than metal. It's not effective to beak electrons, generate less x ray. Because glass is less effective to break the electron, it generates less X ray (than metal, heavy metal) , more violet and ultraviolet rays. If electron runs fast enough, we can detect X.

It can be analyzed by the experiments done before. So it is actually not an assumption. If someone wants to make new experiment to prove it, the test must be redesigned for that purpose. Past experiments have already shown that the X ray is coming from anode, not in the accelerating midway

This case can be considered as a deceleration. Their speed(direction part) is changed by magnetic field, and emit energy, their tangent speed will become less and less, they can't run forever. When a half sine oscillation stimulates water, water wave is continuous. Because the stop time is too short, indide one wave period. Similarly, we keeps throwing stones into water, we can adjust the repeating time interval, get a continuous water wave. Yes. They emit X ray because they hit metal anode, and be suddenly stopped. Their kinetic energy is released in the form of X ray Before hitting anode, they gain energy from electric field. In accelerating state, no X ray is released.

Without considering Earth magnetic field(the charged ball is only attracted by gravity), It does not emit radiation. The key point is: any charge accelerated by only one force will not emit energy. IT emits energy only when it's being decelerated. Or when it's being exerted by more than one force. A typical case is that the charge is running in circular track. The charge gains energy while being accelerated, releases energy while being decelerated. Without considering Earth magnetic field(the charged ball is only attracted by gravity), It does not emit radiation. The key point is: any charge accelerated by only one force will not emit energy. IT emits energy only when it's being decelerated. Or when it's being exerted by more than one force. A typical case is that the charge is running in circular track when it's being affected by both electric force and magnetic force. Electrons in cyclotron radiate energy. In general, the charge gains energy while being accelerated, releases energy while being decelerated. When an electron is circulating proton, it's only exerted one force---the Coulomb force, it does not emit energy. Based on one force rule, an electron is not emitting energy while circulating proton. It's only exerted one force---the Coulomb force.

OK, thanks. I will stop here, and open another speculation thread then we discuss this there.

Cyclotron's electrons are not driven by only one force. Two forces are involved: electric force, and magnetic force. So the are circular moving, and are radiating energy. In one wave period, stopping radiation will not make the wave stop. Just like that we use a half sine wave to stimulate water, as long as the half sine keep repeating, the water waves continue. We keeps throwing rocks into water, if repeating frequently enough, we can get a continuous wave.