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In sexual reproduction if half of the offspring (the females) are the ones that produce offspring. Why does sexual reproduction need males? Would not it be more evolutionarily productive that these sexual organisms were females? Darwin explains this with "sexual selection": the preference of one sex for certain characteristics of individuals of the other sex; but this concept suffices to expound the need for male existence?

There are currently 3 types of reasons for which sexual reproduction has proliferated: 1. Sex helps in the diffusion of advantageous characters. 2. Sex helps eliminate harmful genes. 3 Sex creates combinations of genes that may be more apt than the previous ones. Will the reason for sexual reproduction be universal or will it depend on the species?

If species that are hermaphrodite are evidence that sexual reproduction has selective advantage despite the cost (Williams, 1975) could these multicellular organisms explain the passage from mitosis to meiosis?