consuli

It is well known for nearly a decade now, that the discharge channel of a lightning strike is - at least to a certain degree - opened by a wave of x-ray and gamma ray, that pre-runs the electrical discharge. J. R. Dwyer did a lot of research in this topic in his article "Implications of x‐ray emission from lightning". He also made a photo of the x-ray inherited in a lightning strike, which was published by National Geographic in December 2010. Does that also include, that the electrical discharge of a lightning strike can be directed to a certain location by artifically opening a discharge channel through an x-ray or gamma-ray laser beam? If so, it is possible to build a lightning strike power plant with a x-ray or gamma-ray laser beam on top of a huge high voltage capacitor, that gets charged by the lightning strike, right? In some regions ot the earth, e.g. in the north of brazil, lightning strike happen frequently nearly every day.

At least for a straight and direct nuclear space drive design maybe a hybrid-fission-fusion reaction based on lithium-deuterid can be realized much more easily than a pure fusion drive, right? I know, this sounds a little bit crazy like trying to design a new Castle Bravo. But keep in mind, that even TNT does not explode but burn as candle, as far the ignition temperature is not hot enough and there is no compression. So, when producing very thin "spaghettis" out of lithium-deuterid plus some other fissible material (to ignite the nuclear reaction), maybe this could be used as fuel for a hybrid-fission-fussion drive? The end-products of the litherium-deuterid reaction chain would be helium, which will get extremly heated and will get spit out with high velocity, producing a lot of thrust. I guess, this kind of experiments to make a "lithium-deuterid plus fissible material" fuel safe would be best done in space. But in space some little nuclear fallout would not matter much, as there is already a lot of background radiation, right?

The idea, that it might be possible to artificially establish a nuclear fusion reaction away from a very high temperatures and pressures condition (within a burning star for instance), has initially been started in 1989 by the Fleischmann-Pons-Experiment. Fleischmann called the assumed fusion energy "Cold Fusion". Now, nearly 30 years later, a lot of further research into this matter has been performed. Meanwhile, this field of research is now called "Solid-State Nuclear Fusion", "Condensed Matter Nuclear Fusion" or "Low Energy Nuclear Reaction", last but not least to distinguish from Fleischmann and Pons, who may or may not have an error in their experiment. Among the publications in this topic there are especially these ones: Svenn Olafsson, Leif Holmlid, "Rydberg phases of Hydrogen and low energy nuclear reactions", at American Physical Society April Meeting, 2016. Lawrence Forsley, Pamela Ann Ross, "Condensed Matter Nuclear Science Using Pd/D Co-Deposition", 2015. V.F. Zelensky, "Nuclear Processes in Deuterium/Natural Hydrogen - Metal Systems", 2013. Mae-Wan Ho, "From cold Fusion to Condensed Matter Nuclear Science - Evidence for cold fusion accumulates as enthusiasts transform it into a new discipline. Cheap, clean and safe nuclear energy one the horizon", 2007. Edmund Storms, "A Student’s Guide to Cold Fusion", updated 2012. Further, there are two commercial nuclear fusion applications by Lockheed-Martin and Boeing already: Lockheed Martin has announced a compact nuclear fusion reactor to power huge aircraft carriers in 2018. Lockheed Martin Compact Fusion Reactor Wikipedia Article. Boing has patented a nuclear fusion drive in 2013, which has been published in 2015. So, what is current research state in solid-state nuclear fusion? (Can we expect fusion reactors for power-plants and fusion drives for space ships in the near future?)

Because the direct google search for one or more of the formalas is not aim leading, as google - due to different typo of mathematical formulas - is currently not really able to handle them correctly ? Consuli

Brilliant. Is there some kind of official source, where I can cite these integral formulas from? Consuli

I have heard, one could more easily calculate the 4 moments of a new distribution by solving the following integrals: E(x) = Integral f(x) * x dx Var(x) = Integral f(x) * (x-E(x))2 dx s= Var(x)0.5 M3= Integral f(x) * ((x-E(x))/s)3 dx M4= Integral f(x) * ((x-E(x))/s)4 dx Where fx) refers to the pdf of the distribution. Is that true? Consuli

No, I dont. I am just an applied statistician, not a methematical statistician. Thus, the easierst (and maybe mathematical inelegant) solution is asked for. ;-) The pdf has 4 parameters: construction offset, construction sd, kurtosis and skewness parameter. Consuli

Hello! I have developed the PDF (probability density function) of a new distribution. I want to calculate their moments (mean, sd, skewness, kurtosis). How can I do this? Consuli