SmileTheory

This paper will suggest the novel theory that the evolution of bipedal locomotion Increased the antigravity muscle activity of the frontalis, orbicularis oculi and zygomatic major. This improved the primate musculoskeletal systems ability to increase dopamine production because the dopaminergic reward system responds to the contractions of these muscle groups as instructions to increase our dopamine levels. 1 Human Evolution Converting Gravity to Dopamine.docx

The advent of bipedalism, the increase of antigravity muscular activity and the subsequent increases in dopamine levels is what this is about, not latitude. My apologies for muddying the waters with all the other stuff.

All babies are cute but this does not translate into all adults being good looking/cute. It is adaptive to be born cute. But what is "cute"? Babies large heads in relation to body size, large eyes, short limbs (allens rule). Baby appearance is mimicry of a person who has been born with all the strong gravity characteristics. Have a 2 min look at allens rule on google. No. Looking happy (happy facial expression) makes you good looking and more approachable. Happy people look like good people. Good looking people look like "good". So what does the happy facial expression and good lookingness have in common; everything. The happy facial expression mimics the facial attributes of the good looking person. Imagine the razer toothed blenny perfectly mimicking the cleaner fish to ensure its survival. We raise our eyebrows, squint our eyes and smile the mouth. The nose becomes less upturned and the lips relax. Now look at a good nice looking person. There will be a space between the eyebrows and the eyelashes, they will have high cheek bones reminiscent of smiling. A less upturned nose is actually a dominantly heritable characteristic. So smiling causes the face to mimic beauty. Now the opposite of delight is rage (not sadness). Lower the brow, widen the eyes and sadden the mouth. You can also curl in the lips and retract the chin. Rage is mimicry of low facial muscle bulk phenotypes. This would either be some other type of ape or something, but rage is an ape face. It is terrifying mimicry. So delight is the future and rage is our evolutionary past. Imagine if the methylation levels of more active muscles were inherited. As the antigravity muscles are the most active we would be able to predict future facial appearance. Not hard at all its just a new concept. Human evolution is massively predictable. Human attraction is also very simple once you know what we are trying to do. The human body and face can be good for your health. We are each trying to produce a child that has these attributes. We all have some but lack others, so we are attracted to those who have what we need. I.e a chinless man will find large chinned women attractive, but there is an anchor point which each partner in a couple has in common; the nose bone. A nose bone in common causes a recognition of oneself in another. I discovered this myself but durham university uk also found out about the nose bone principle. I have been using all this information for my own wicked fun for 20 years but its time to share it. I have found 9 phenomena which are hidden in plain sight. 1. Attraction 2. Evolution (you cant understand evolution without understanding attraction). 3. Beauty (allows you to understand facial expression). 4. Polarity code of Facial Expression 5. Code of facial touching 6. Consciousness 7. The facial antigravity mechanism 8. Applying the mimicry principle to human evolution. Example, bipedalism is mimicry of the primate upright dominance display. 9. cuteness, as mimicry of high latitude characteristics. High latitude characteristics are high gravity characteristics. I wasnt sure if people are supposed to know this stuff as its so hidden. Imagine how hard it is to see yourself as a great ape, it is not encouraged at all. Can you see the dancing bear. Test your awareness: do the test This is a video on youtube it is jaw dropping and explains my odd bear quote. I am here to freely give you my lifes work. The evolutionary system that we as an organism are evolving within is biological mimicry. We are doing that by the transgenerational growth of the antigravity muscles. This makes us more neotenous (baby faced), and improves our immune response and dopamine function. Also testosterone levels have been dropping since we were homo erectus but that is another story. Why dont you frown when you hear a good joke? It has never been explained but i can explain what the human organism is. Smiling happy facial expressions are a continuation of the faces antigravity movements. These movements are very beneficial health wise so we are evolving into a creature that has a smile, squinted eyes and raised eyebrows at all times. Imagine, if the face and body can move in ways that benefit health,( i.e the body struts and the face smiles), you would expect us to take full advantage of that and smile and strut at alk times, but you cant, you need a reason. Evolution is taking away the need for a reason to smile and just activating a smile with gravity. Homo suave.

Imagine if the methylation levels of more active muscles were inherited. As the antigravity muscles are the most active we would be able to predict future facial appearance. Not hard at all its just a new concept. Human evolution is massively predictable. Human attraction is also very simple once you know what we are trying to do. The human body and face can be good for your health. We are each trying to produce a child that has these attributes. We all have some but lack others, so we are attracted to those who have what we need. I.e a chinless man will find large chinned women attractive, but there is an anchor point which each partner in a couple has in common; the nose bone. A nose bone in common causes a recognition of oneself in another. I discovered this myself but durham university uk also found out about the nose bone principle. I have been using all this information for my own wicked fun for 20 years but its time to share it. I have found 9 phenomena which are hidden in plain sight. 1. Attraction 2. Evolution (you cant understand evolution without understanding attraction). 3. Beauty (allows you to understand facial expression). 4. Polarity code of Facial Expression 5. Code of facial touching 6. Consciousness 7. The facial antigravity mechanism 8. Applying the mimicry principle to human evolution. Example, bipedalism is mimicry of the primate upright dominance display. 9. cuteness, as mimicry of high latitude characteristics. High latitude characteristics are high gravity characteristics. I wasnt sure if people are supposed to know this stuff as its so hidden. Imagine how hard it is to see yourself as a great ape, it is not encouraged at all. Can you see the dancing bear.

Sorry it took me so long to get back to you, thank you very much for your questions. References are right at the end but some refs are right below that question. A. The advent of bipedalism would result in increased activation of specific facial antigravity reflexes. The human face responds to its weight. If it didnt your face would sag as though you'd had a stroke. The pull of gravity activates mechanoreceptors in the superior tarsal muscle of the eyelid, (25,57). This initiates a continuous reflex contraction of the frontalis and orbicularis oculi, imperceptibly lifting the eyebrow against the weight of gravity and narrowing the eyes. Contraction of the frontalis improves alertness, cognitive performance, discrimination task accuracy and reaction times, (21), (22). Researchers have found that even tension headaches which cause involuntary contraction of the frontalis muscle, allow the sufferer to sustain higher levels of cognitive efficiency, (23). The effect frontalis contraction has on cognitive ability mirrors many of dopamines affects, (59, 60). This strongly suggests that frontalis contraction increases dopamine levels. Zygomatic Major: Ruffini corpuscles within the zygomatic major act as muscle spindles, causing the muscle to contract due to stretching, when we are upright, this slightly smiles the mouth, (26). B. The actions of the muscles involved are known to increase dopamine levels. Contracting the orbicularis oculi and the zygomatic major simultaneously, is known as the Duchenne Smile. This facial expression is linked to increases in dopamine levels, (55, 56). Walking on two legs subjects the soft tissues of bipeds to stronger impact forces than those of quadrupeds, (29), these forces triple during running, (30). So the soft tissues of homo erectus would experience more impact forces than those of a quadrepedal ape. These impact forces must be mitigated with antigravity reflexes or soft tissue integrity will be compromised. So it is reasonable to suggest that the advent of bipedalism would result in increased activation of facial antigravity reflexes. C. Dopamine is believed to be a central foundation of human brain evolution, (47,50). D. This suggests an explanation for why our dopamine rise when we stand, (24). E. Gravity is weaker at the equator and strengthens with distance from the equator towards the poles. Dopamine levels follow a latitudinal gradient, with humans having higher levels further from the equator, (31). F. Please show, quantitatively, that the amount of difference in acceleration due to gravity is sufficient to make the changes you claim Gravitational acceleration gives weight to matter, the faster an object accelerates the heavier it weighs. The pull of gravity is stronger (accelerates faster), at higher latitudes, lower altitudes and above dense materials. Gravity on the Earths surface in metres per second squared varies by around 0.6%, from about 9.776 at lower latitudes near the equator to 9.832 at high latitudes. Gravity fluctuates from as much as 9.82m/s in Oslo (just over 1kg), to as little as 9.76m/s in Ethiopia, (approx 6 grams less). The facial soft tissues contain sensors which register as little as 0.1 grams of weight, (48). The faces Surgeons involuntary antigravity response which allows the effects of facial paralysis to be reversed by surgically inserting a weight of 0.6 grams into the tarsal muscle of the eyelid. The weight stretches the muscle and activates toning of the orbicularis oculi and frontalis, (43). So the soft tissues respond to as little as 0.6gm yet they experience 1kg. This is 3kg when walking and 9kg when running. G. These higher dopamine levels are paired with larger eyes and visual cortices in humans at higher latitudes. Ref for this is directly below. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3836230/ H. These physiological markers can be linked to the fact that gravity increases bdnf levels in the visual cortex and eye, which would increase their volume. Ref directly below. Effect of hypergravity on the mouse basal expression of NGF and BDNF in the retina, visual cortex and geniculate nucleus: correlative aspects with NPY immunoreactivity. Aloe L, et al. Neurosci Lett. 2001. Antigravity muscles are the most active muscle groups. Citation needed. Ref 58 3 hours ago, SmileTheory said: Muscle activity increases methylation levels Citation needed. Gimme a break... 3 hours ago, SmileTheory said: The facial expression of delight causes us to contract the antigravity muscles The duchenne smile of genuine enjoyment requires squinted eyes while smiling the mouth. The Orbicularis oculi squints the eyes and is activated by gravity and so is the zygomatic major (refs already given above 55 56). Side note - The delight facial expression is therefore a continuation of the faces natural antigravity movements. 3 hours ago, SmileTheory said: The discovery of a hidden cross cultural sign languge linked to manipulating (touching) facial muscle groups i.e touching the chin signifies 'why?'. I have a pdf if you want it, its very simple and allows you to know the context of a primates thoughts. This is my own not yet empirically tested discovery, but if your a people watcher, just have a look. References. 25. Matsuo K, Osada Y, Ban R. (2012). Electrical stimulation to the trigeminal proprioceptive fibres that innervate the mechanoreceptors in Müller's muscle induces involutary reflex contraction of the frontalis muscles. 57. Trigeminal Proprioception Evoked by Strong Stretching of the Mechanoreceptors in Müller's Muscle Induces Reflex Contraction of the Orbital Orbicularis Oculi Slow-Twitch Muscle Fibers. Matsuo K1, Ban R1, Ban M1, Yuzuriha S1. 2014 21. The effects of induced frontalis tension variation on aspects of cognitive efficiency. Moran CC, Cleary PJ. 1986 22. Effects of Frontalis Tension Level on Discrimination Task Accuracy and Reaction Time. C Moran Patrick J cleary 1988 23. Some benefits of high frontalis tension in tension headache sufferers. Moran, Carmen C.; Cleary, Patrick J. 1984 59. Dopamine Controls the Neural Dynamics of Memory Signals and Retrieval Accuracy, Thore Apitz and Nico Bunzeck, 2013 60, Dopaminergic stimulation enhances confidence and accuracy in seeing rapidly presented words, Hans C. Lou; Joshua C. Skewes; Kristine Rømer Thomsen; Morten Overgaard; Hakwan C. Lau; Kim Mouridsen; Andreas Roepstorff 2011 26. Cobo JL, Abbate F, de Vicente JC, Cobo J, Vega JA, 2017. Searching for proprioceptors in human facial muscles 55. Simulating the Effects of Dopamine Imbalance on Cognition: From Positive Affect to Parkinson’s Disease, Sébastien Hélie, Erick J. Paul, and F. Gregory Ashby, 2012. 56. R.D. (2000). Neural correlates of conscious emotional experience. In R.D. Lane & L. Nadel (Eds.), Cognitive neuroscience of emotion (pp. 345–370). New York: Oxford University Press 29. Analysis of foot strike forces in chimpanzee Locomotion: Implications for the Evolution of Human Walking. Vincent Bhandal, Otto Lam, Nicholas Holowka, Nathan Thompson, Brigette Demes 30. http://www.barefootrunning.fas.harvard.edu/4BiomechanicsofFootStrike.html 47. The Dopaminergic Mind in Human Evolution and History Reissue by Fred H. Previc (ISBN: 9780521360890). 50. Dopamine and the Origins of Human Intelligence, Fred H.Previc, 1999. 24. Plasma dopamine responses to standing and exercise in man. Glen R. Van Loon, Leonard Schwartz, Michael J Sole 1979 31. Correlation of the COMT Val158Met polymorphism with latitude and a hunter-gather lifestyle suggests culture gene coevolution and selective pressure on cognition genes due to climate, 2013 48. SCHMIDT, R & Lee T. Motor Control and Learning, 5E - Page 156 - Google Books Result 43. Rahman, (2007). Ophthalmic management of facial nerve palsy: a review 58. Distribution of muscle weakness of central and peripheral origin, R Thijs, N Notermans, J Wokke, Y van der Graaf, and J van Gijn 1998 1. Dopamine correlate with latitude. 2. Brain fertliser levels (bdnf) correlate with gravity strength. Bdnf is contractile inducible so gravity will increase antigravity muscle contraction and release of bdnf. Bdnf is also highly heritable, so..... Ref. 1. Correlation of the COMT Val158Met polymorphism with latitude and a hunter-gather lifestyle suggests culture gene coevolution and selective pressure on cognition genes due to climate, 2013 2. Effect of hypergravity on the mouse basal expression of NGF and BDNF in the retina, visual cortex and geniculate nucleus: correlative aspects with NPY immunoreactivity. Aloe L, et al. Neurosci Lett. 2001. The human face is increasingly evolving to resemble the delight facial expression. This is a highly adaptive outward appearance referred to as beauty. Here i am talking about 2 phenomena that have been consigned to the impossible to understand bin. The average scientifically minded person will have a less active limbic system because their intelligence shuts it down. This is evidenced by research into visual illusions. Persons with a large visual cortex are less susceptible to illusions because the larger cortex wrestles control from the limbic system. The limbic system would otherwise hijack our perception and assign meaning to what we are seeing rather than letting us see the reality of the situation. You are an intelligent person but you would have to be incredibly open minded to look at things you have never cared about from a fresh perspective. But i will try anyway. A single example is the eyelids. During delight or genuine enjoyment we squint the eyes and raise the brow. This narrows the eyes and raises the brow. Well the eyelid muscle orbicularis oculi in largest in homosapien, larger than a gorillas. The effect this evolutionary muscle growth has on eyelid appearance is it creates a bulky eyelid. Many people have this but the population most known for it is chinese or japanese. They have the largest oculi muscle so the muscle fills the eye orbit flattening the eyelid. When we raise the eyebrows this action stretches the eyelid, causing it to flatten. The evolution of this antigravity muscle resembles a raised eyebrows expression. When we smile the cheek bone area appears larger, so large cheekbones remind us of smiling. Full pink lips mimic the inside of the mouth, so the mouth resembles an open mouth. The principle is mimicry. Mimicry of our own instinctual expression. Ever seen the awareness test with the dancing bear, i am showing you the bear, hidden in plain sight.

Gravity and Human Evolution The advent of bipedalism would result in increased activation of specific facial antigravity reflexes. The actions of the muscles involved are known to increase dopamine levels. Dopamine is believed to be a central foundation of human brain evolution. Increasing dopamine levels increases levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) the ‘neuron fertiliser’ with transgenerationally heritable consequences. This suggests (1). an explanation for why our dopamine rise when we stand, (2). a mechanism by which the advent of bipedalism could initiate transgenerational increases in brain growth (3). an explanation for why bipedalism preceded brain growth. A planets gravitational field fluctuates depending upon distance from the equator. Gravity is weaker at the equator and strengthens with distance from the equator towards the poles. Dopamine levels follow a latitudinal gradient, with humans having higher levels further from the equator. These higher dopamine levels are paired with larger eyes and visual cortices in humans at higher latitudes. These physiological markers can be linked to the fact that gravity increases bdnf levels in the visual cortex and eye, which would increase their volume. The Evolution of Human Appearance Antigravity muscles are the most active muscle groups. Muscle activity increases methylation levels and may explain why these facial muscles have gradually grown in size throughout our evolution altering the facial bones they are attached to. The growth of these muscles groups changes the outward appearance of the facial features. This allows us to predict what human facial appearance will be in the future and why. The Code of Facial Expression The facial expression of delight causes us to contract the antigravity muscles and alters our outward appearance. This outward appearance mimics the appearance of bulky antigravity muscles. The opposite expression to delight is rage, which mimics reduced muscle bulk. So here we have clues to our future and past hidden within our instinctual facial expressions; a polarity code. The Code of Facial Touching (PDF AVAILABLE) The discovery of a hidden cross cultural sign languge linked to manipulating (touching) facial muscle groups i.e touching the chin signifies 'why?'. Each muscle group is linked to a different context. Human Attraction The facial muscles can be beneficial to health, attraction is determined by a system of similarity and acquirement. A specific anchor point must be similar and shared for a person to be able to relate to and like another person i.e seeing yourself in them. Then acquirement of physical characteristics which are lacking is required for compatibility. Durham university has confirmed the similarity principle, but the acquirement section is unknown to them. Human Evolution and the Mimicry Principle Mimicry occurs throughout nature. Walking upright can be seen as mimicry of the primate upright dominance posture often exhibited by Gorillas. The human face is increasingly evolving to resemble the delight facial expression. This is a highly adaptive outward appearance referred to as beauty. The Hard Question of Consciousness ... So no ones going to see this but anyone who wants to critique my crazy ideas, I would really appreciate it. I have written a brief paper regarding gravity and human evolution and would also love a people watcher to critique the code of facial touching. (Dean Abel email address removed per rule 2.7).