chenbeier

Its kind of polarisation, but how will you control it, that no reaction takes place. To keep voltage below redoxpotential, but is it enough. The goal of ion exchange is to get DI water at the end.

Do you know the Soda potash digestion. This is used in analytical chemistry. The carbonate of sodium and pottasium are very stable. The decomposition will take place beyond boiling point. With other words with burning its not possible to obtain Potassium Oxide. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_carbonate

Thats correct. But for this reason you need diaphragma compartments that NaOH is not reached the Anode. And also the right current density, so no Oxidation to chlorate takes place. Tons of NaOH is produced in this way.

But you need very high temperature to transfor to K2CO3 => K2O+ CO2 This KOH will be not clean from carbonate. Better is to use electrolysis with a diaphragma. The same way NaOH is produced.

Yes, that is a common technical procedure to do electrolysis. Instead of a metal, also a Graphite Elektrode can be used. If you have salt water NaCl, then on Anode chlorine gas and on cathod side hydrogen will be developed. Sodiumhydroxide will remain.

Mistyping

Graphite has electrical conductivity, but has no positive or negative charges . This you need to exchange ions: cathion plus or anion minus. Graphite has adsorbtions capabilitis. You can remove a lot of impurities. Used in water Filters.

A Part of a modified Soxhelt extractor probably.

Additionally a dilution will give every time the same unit. If Stock is mass/ volume the the dilution will also mass/ volume Example 1g/l diluted by 10 give 0,1 g/l If you have volume by volume then its again volume by volume. Example 1 ml/l dilute by 2 gives 0,5ml/l

No, because hardness is given by the amount of Calcium. Acid will not change it. You need a softener device. Its an ion exchanger which exchange Ca to Na. Or reversed osmosis. You could also add sodiumsulfate or phosphate and filter the water from the precipitate.

1. There will be compounds formed. Cu 2+ is already a salt. It has an anion. Zinc will form a salt if its transformed to Zn2+. Th process goes under humidity. Its also called a galvanic element. It guides to corrosion. In your case zinc corrodes. 2. The first what you described is an simple batterie. Daniel element. Water itself has pure conductivity. For electrolysis a salt or sulfuric acid will be added. On cathode. Hydrogen will be develped. 2 H+ + 2 e- => H2 On Anode oxygen will be developed. 2 H2O + 2 SO4 2- => 2 H2SO4 + O2 + 4 e- Under aid of sulfuric acid water will be electrolysis. 2 H2O => 2H2 + O2

This is basic mathematics .Percentage calculation. But the question is 5% w/w or v/v or v/w. The easist would be if it is w/ w weight by weight. 100 g would be 5g lipoic acid and 95 g propanediol. If you want to do the others need specific gravity to convert to volume. 100 ml would be 5 ml lipoic acid and filled up to 100 ml with the solvent. The last would be 5 g dissolved to 100 ml. Solution. All 3 are different. By the way give no receipes for pharmaceutical drugs.

Adding coal (carbon) is the normal way.

This is still to less information. Describe the problem more in detail. What kind of equipment, how is it working and what is not working

Ammoniumchloride decompose under heat and smoke containing HCl and NH3 will be developed. In a closed oven you will find ammoniumchloride at the walls and window of it. Maybe you describe your craft work.

We should not give advices, what a job of a doctor or physician is. Chlorine dioxide is poisson and has etching power. And covid cannot be cured with it. It the same if you drink paint stripper. See warnings here https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miracle_Mineral_Supplement

I dont know what the teacher want to see. 1,5 mikro l is ok. But 0.003 g should be 3 mg

The topic was discussed here: https://chemicalforum.webqc.org/viewtopic.php?f=10&t=20353 In the attachment it must be a mistake. All others are correct.

Probably.

This is the "von Braun reaction". But this substitutes one alkyl to nitril. How do you know that methyl and not the R will be substitutet. The nitril has to be treated further. Nitril to Carbamidacid

You will not get a clean product. You will have a mixture of half and full nitril substitution.

Draw the mesomeric structures. Acetic acid can dissociate to Acetate, what is also in the list.

First the bond is not broken. H2 will be adsorbed on platinum. The same alkene does. There will interaction and hydrogen will bond to alkene. On the surface Pt-H and Pt- C bonds will built and in further reaction new C-H bonds will developed and the meralbond will be broken again.

It is one option. But why not use BrCl.

In English its silver hydrogen dithionite. In German Silberhydrogendithionit.