László Hajós

I don't know why you think that in my model space is not expanding. I have even made some simple drawing explaining it above. Space is expanding, that is the force I called "pushing", that is the expansion. If there is no other force from outside of our universe, than that is the only force causing it. But in my prediction or hyphotesis there are other universes outside of ours and if there are, they will add to the expansion. The area closer to the edge of our universe would expand slightly faster than the area inside the universe. But these external forces dont cause any space time expansion, it would be only like a gravitational pulling force. Space time expansion is caused only by the internal "pushing" force. No, the galaxies would not be deformed. Where there is more ordinary matter (like inside of our galaxy), there is less of these dark energy and more separated (more numbers of lower peaks but these are "canceled" by the gravitational force which is bigger). Where there is less ordinary matter like next to and between the galaxies, there is more dark energy (pushing) and less seperated (less number of higher peaks)

What do you mean I am inventing them? These forces exist in the real world, we can see the results of the force of the expansion and we can see the results of the force of the dark matter. All these forces exist I dont have to invent anything. And maybe in the future we will be able to measure that one end of the observable universe expands with a different speed than the other end. In my prediction that will happen.

Expansion could be an external force (if there is one) + the "pushing" force inside the universe. The force pushing is only expansion in large scale (+ could be other phenomena in small scale)

So this would mean that if for example two supermassive black holes ( with example the mass of our local galaxy cluster which is gravity bound) from a huge distance (lets say 10^12 light years) from eachother in a space time which is not expanding between them will pull eachother until they collide an merge?

Maybe from some galaxies right at the edge you could see a void. But because the expansion which is faster than speed of light, it would be almost if not totally impossible to find any starting point of the early universe which would end up so close to the edge that you can see almost nothing on one side and our universe on the other side I was thinking of dark energy by "it" (or these imagined invisible peaks what I have discribed on my drawings) Yes, this was clear to me as well. But this is exactly what we should try to explain, or make sense of it and not just be ignorant about it. This is what I am trying to do. I know that this is almost impossible to do as we can not physicly (seeing, touching, experimenting) proove or disproove, but we can try to imagine and make sense of it. And probably this is one of the most important mechanism which exists. The same is true for the non observable universe. Probably we, as humans will never be able to examine it directly, but that doesn't mean that we shoudn't try to understend it. I would like to ask a question from everyone: can it be calculated that how far would a gravitational force strech (counting even the weakest gravitational pull imeginable) from a hypermassive black hole with an event horizon diameter of 10^10 light years?

Then why would it cause expansion in the universe?

The astronomer can only start in the universe, first as particles, or pure energy in the singularity. Like forus on the earth, if would start right on the edge of the expansion, one edge of the observable universe would be almost always maximum on the edge of the whole universe and not further because all the mass is pushed away from eachother with about the same amount of force As the "normal" matter and gravity I wouldnt call positive mass or positive gravity only mass and gravity, I would rather call "negative" mass and gravity antimatter and antigravity. For me, espacially antigravity would behave very much like we experience in the observable universe as dark energy

The space time 2D cross-section is an infinitly long line, and it exists everyvhere(this lenght would be an area in 2D). It is infinite, but in global scale it does't get longer or shorter (x-axis) if you count the whole line with all the peaks (big bang and the force caused by the big bang) and dips (mass) (y-axis). It is an exact infinite. In local scale the lenght of the x axis, or space can get longer (expansion, big bang) or shorter (supermassive black hole). This means that the lenght of the space in global scale is always the same infinite. We could imagine it as waves on water. After the big bang there was 1 big wave and now there are a lot of small waves between the dips of the masses. These waves have negative mass and gravity, and push away space, causing the expansion of our universe. Could these peaks be the dark matter (negative mass) and dark energy (negative gravity)? So in global scale in an exact infinite space which can not be created nor destroyed an exact infinite energy exist which can not be created nor destroyed.

Yes, exactly like that picture. The empty void is also space, with almost nothing, or nothing in it. You may call it overlap, but the expansion stops after a long time, and only the black holes remain from that universe. Than you can't even really call it universe any more. Then an other universe edge could "overlap" these black holes and feed them with more mass or merge one universe black hole with a black hole from a different universe. I made a simple drawing, please don't laugh

Probably I just don't understand what you mean. In my model general relativity is not changed, it would be the same

I only wanted to know how big an event horizon would be with this huge mass compared to the observable universe I am not sure If I will be able to do that, but I will try (in a few weeks). I would kindly accept any help in this from anybody. What do you mean the behaviour predicted by GR does't happen? In my mind the GR is not changed in this

Well, theoretcally you can "travel" in time. But this time "travel" is only a time difference between A and B, not really a "travel". A is the "time traveller" B is the surroundings, or the world A is in. If A travels close to the speed of light, than time for A will go slower ( altough for him it would be normal) and for B time would go faster. When A would stop than he would see that in B more time went by than for him, or in other words A would think that he traveld to the future. And then if A would jump into a black hole, (and he would survive and be able to come out later ) and 50 years later when he would come out of the black hole, B would be almost unchanged, only a few miliseconds older. So theoretically you could travel to the future, but you can never go back to the past again

Yes, I wanted to calculate the diameter. Then the diameter would be 3.2 x 10^10 or about 1/3 of the diameter of the visible universe, right? No, I am not saying that we are in the centre. This astronomer you mention would think from any point inside the universe that he is in the centre from his point of view (if he wouldnt know better). But if he would observe the whole universe (with our observable universe in it) from outside of it - and lets say that the speed of light is infinite - than he would see the universe as a sphere, with our observable universe in it, also a sphere. (I will try to make images later if I can) Don't think about it like a "normal" explosion. Try to imagine the mass, gravity and space in a 2d fabric as Einstein did. Now in tis fabric imagine the singularity of the universe in a very deep hole (like a black hole woud be) with all the energy or mass in it from our observable and non observable universe. (the deepness of the hole would be of course all the mass in it and the curviture is the gravity) Lets say that the diameter of the event horizon is 50 x 10^10 light years. When the big bang happens then this hole would bounce up like something would bounce when released, like an elastic fabric would do. After this bounce all the energy or mass is released, as this spacetime fabric straightens. Then this fabric would continue to bounce up creating a hill on the spacetime fabric. So all the mass from the black hole would be on this convex space time fabric, wich would continue to be more convex, or higher from the level 0. Under level 0 (or a hole in the fabric) is positive mass and gravity. Over level 0 (or this convex space time fabric) is negative mass or energy (dark energy?). As this space time convex gets bigger and bigger(higher) than all its points are streched more and more from eachother. This would be the reason for the expansion which we see now in the observable (and the non observable) universe. The fabric can be streched from one pont of the convex to the other faster than the speed of light, thats the reason it can expand faster than the speed of light Peharps we will never know what happens after this in the far future but as I said before, it is an essential part in our existence that the big bang has to be able to repeat (infinitely). To be able to repeat I can only imagine two results in the far future: 1. the convex will slowly level again with the supermassive black holes in it merging with other supermassive black holes from our neighboring universes (neighboring convexes) and create a new big bang (infinite number of universes in infinite space hypothesis) 2. The convex will bounce back, collecting all the mass and energy, creating a new big bang (the so called big bounce, the one universe hypothesis)

I am not sure what you mean by everywhere. As far as I know, the hot dense state is in an almost perfect sphere. And by now, after 13.8 billion years if we could see our universe from outside, it would be still more or less a sphere shape expanding. As time goes on, the sphere is less and less perfect. By universe, I mean example our observable universe which we live in, which was created by a big bang. The large void what I think you mean is the infinite space in which everything is. Our universe is just one small point in this infinite space, and there are infinite number of similar universes like ours. This is a very good point and I dont understand it, but one is for certain: the density in global scale has to stay the same, otherwise it would be the same as the cold death of our universe. If there is infinite expansion than doesnt matter if we have only one universe or infinite universes, the big bang can not repeat. I would like to have a separate but related topic question: I have tried to calculate how big would be the event horizon of a hypermassive black hole with the mass of our observable universe. My results are: 23 563 442 627 light years across or 2.23*10^26 meter. Is this correct? This would be about 1 quarter the size of our observable universe. Do I understand it correctly that the event horizon grows exponencially when the mass of the black hole gets bigger?

Yes they would be a huge distance from each other but I disagree that they would be separated. If 2 big bangs happen "next" to eachother (lets say 200 billion light years) than 2 black holes travelling opposite to eachother would meet some time in the future. The distances in one universe are bigger and bigger but that doesn't mean that the distances outside of the universe are bigger. You know exactly what I meant. Or shall I write singularity? Or singularity of a hypermassive black hole which resulted in a big bang?

My hyphotesis is: our world is made of infinite universes, our universe is only one of the infinite. Big bangs are happening all the time, of course huge distances away from eachother. In the so called cold death of our universe the supermassive black holes (from the local galaxy clusters) continue to travel with huge speeds outwards from the centre of our big bang. In the far future some of them will slowly evaporate, but some of them will inevatibly "collide" and merge with other supermassive black holes from other universes. These merging black holes will grow bigger and bigger until they reach a critical mass which results in a new big bang. And this goes on forever in an infinite space. This is only a hyphotesis, nothing more. ( I know that theoretically there is no mass limit for a black hole, but I would love to prove this wrong if I could)

I am a strong believer of the multiverse. Energy has to be infinite, otherwise there would be nothing. Finite energy in the hole world makes no sense. Energy is eternal, it has no start or end, it can not be destroyed or created. Therefore there has to be an infinite number of universes like ours. And to understand how the universe works, we have to look at the two probably most important but opposite states of energy there is: light (or electromagnetic waves) and black holes. Light is the “highest” state and smallest mass of energy. It travels with the speed of light, as we know the highest speed anything can reach. In its form it has no mass, and time does not exist for it. So: speed=c, mass=0, time=0. Black hole is the “lowest” state and biggest mass of energy. The speed of the energy in the black hole is close to 0. Time is close to infinite (compared to its surroundings) , that is why all its particles can be at the centre at the same time (they have almost infinite time to swap places). Its mass is variable. So: speed: close to 0, mass: x, time: close to infinite. If the multiverse theory is true, the black holes from multiple universes could merge, they could grow to an unimaginable huge mass. But there has to be a limit of this mass. If a supermassive black hole reaches this critical mass then it can not hold its energy any more and blows up. This could be the source of the big bang. So my question would be: what could this critical mass be? The mass of our universe? Is it possible to calculate this maximum mass? Is that anything to do with the speed of light? If we could calculate this and prove it, it would be a huge breakthrough in science and it would prove the infinite multiverse and that energy is infinite.