Web development is not really ordinary programming. In web programming, the client is actually running the browser, such as Chrome or FireFox, and that is sending page requests to Apache Tomcat at a server, and the web developer has to compose html pages using css and other notational aids, to describe what the browser should render.
The main programming then is just JavaScript macros you send to the browser to modify mouse events and things like that. You are really composing in developer languages instead of traditional programming.
But to do web development, PHP, MySQL, and JQuery are good. JavaScript is more than just the JQuery library, so is also good. But Java is not for web development. It is more of an enterprise business programming language, except on Android devices. JavaScript is not really related to Java at all.
Some people like JavaScript so much they also use it on the server side, with Node.js, but that is not the common convention.
You can also use a framework that does most of the work for you, like Drupal, Wordpress, etc.
If you do start with a framework, it pays to eventually understand what the framework is doing, so that you can hand tailor or modify as necessary later.
I don't consider frameworks to be really sufficient or flexible enough, but they are fast to get something up and running, and can be instructive.