tinkerer

Now, given the great distances of travel possible for, say, a Beta Particle Accelerator, would gravitational effects be ignored? Back to the cathode ray tube, Television: for each and every electron which strikes the illumination screen, another must be drawn from it, in order to prevent an excess of them collecting there. This is (was) accomplished by making the CRT a large capacitor, the dielectric being the glass envelope, the walls of which were coated inside and out with a conductive film. High positive voltage applied to the inside coating "drew" those excess electrons away from the screen creating a circuit for current flow separate from that of the electron beam itself. Studying this in Technical School in 1962, I told myself, "This cannot possibly work!". Yet, it did.

A further question: Does the Inverse Square Law for Intensity apply for Alpha and Beta radiation?

As OP is "Metal Complexes", a term beyond my exact understanding, I'll ask about some stuff used to control Dandruff in shampoos for such use. One of such "compounds" which I do not understand is "Selenium Sulfide", used in 1% solution. My understanding is that this material does not exist as a compound, but is more comparable to an Amalgam. Yet, a ring structure seems to exist:

We always used Kerosene, or "stove oil". However, nowadays, my sodium is all stored as NaCl.

"Pure water" is in a way, an elusive substance, since to qualify as "pure" it must have a Ph = 7.00 and contain no dissolved solids, regardless of whether those do not change the Ph. Distilling of water produces "pure" water, but only so long as it is done under a vacuum. As soon as a water surface is exposed to air, it absorbs CO2, which drives it's Ph down below 7.0. Thus, those who preach use of distilled water in their automobile engines, model steam boilers, and the like, while not maintaining that the Ph non-acidic by increasing it via alkaline addition, do the many forum-goers, model-makers and such a disservice. Heavy Hydrogen, known as Deuterium, contained in minor amounts in natural waters, is not radioactive; it contains one neutron per atomic nucleus. Tritium, sometimes "very heavy Hydrogen", is quite scarce, is radioactive, emitting Beta through it's decay process, which results in it's becoming He-3, Helium-3, which is not radioactive.

Yeah, 7.5 Kev average, Beta Particles, so "hot" is semantic.........just tryin' to be smart....... Tritium illuminated wristwatches are widely available on the 'net. Had one long ago, but he "went out" on me. Had a ghastly glow to it. Now, watching Radium Emanation (Radon) gas accumulate and waft away from a sample of Radium would be a real "kick". Better than liquid Helium climbing the walls of a tumbler even.

Nitrous Oxide, got it from a Dentist. I have heard all my life that liquid Propane is notorious for permeating tank "pores" (??), and cutting open a tank will likely cause an explosion. Can anyone verify that? Gasoline is notably nasty too. I once had to modify size of a steel gasoline tank, flushed it repeatedly with water, until hardly any smell remained at the fill neck, brought my torch flame near, and got an extremely loud "WHOOMP", which left me quite distraught, and the tank seriously bulged outwards on the sides!

"Hot" water might be considered if the water's "hydrogen" content consists entirely of Tritium!

Most interesting article! Personally I have believed the time is approaching when water will become more significant to humanity than oil. The lack of notice politically suggests strongly that the political structure is confident that it will be unaffected by lack of sufficient water, which is probably true. The "Golden Rule" prevails: those having the gold make the rules.

Is there any way to pre-determine whether a series exists which will satisfy the requirement of fulfilling a given chosen function? For example, given Sin 3X - Cot 5X / Csc X , does an infinite series exist which satisfies it? How does one know? Perhaps my question is naively foolish; I studied LaPlace Transforms, Test Ratio Tests, etc., but never truly understood.

This morning, my wife woke me to the news that her coffee failed to heat in our big Sharp. It's a Micro/convection. I turned it on convect. and got heat, light lit, turntable turned, cooling fan running, so, FUSE OK. No microwaves. Power Transformer Diode Capacitor, or, (shudder) Magnetron. I could use a bit more information than my electronics training gotten 50+ years ago provides for me. Specifically, would the characteristics of the Magnetron used not need to be matched to the circuitry, namely the cavity and waveguide? Reason I ask this, I have substituted several different Magnetrons in several different makes and sizes of ovens, and they all seem to get the job done. seem to, they heat stuff similarly to the original equipment. BTW, it did turn out that the Magnetron "bought" it, transformer, diode, and capacitor checked out OK, yanked the Magnetron out of our small G.E.; it's a 0.8 cu. ft., the Sharp is 1.6 cu. ft., a considerable difference, yet the Magnetrons appear to be quite identical physically, even having identical mounting dimensions. The Sharp is functioning again quite well. Now, seventy-five bucks for a replacement Mag....... Thought I would tack this on, just found it tonight, clarifies graphically in my mind, finally, how a cavity magnetron form resonance: A resonant cavity in the anode block has the function of a parallel resonant circuit: The opposite anode walls of a slot are the capacitor, the detour around the hole is the inductance (with only one turn).

The States of the Southwest are particularly large, and one can still drive a highway for 100 miles and not see another human being, especially in Nevada, which is 86% held by the Federal Government.

Yes, of course I was being rather facetious. I recall seeing a large Crooke's in the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago as a kid, and was fascinated by it. Forgot about it all these years (strangely, one of those unusual things I failed to try building), then the OP brought back the memory.

Drink the liquid without disturbing the deposit.........

The wavelength of the laser light was evidently such that it was inobservable by the instrumentation being used.

Lots of "Poppy-cock" in this one!

Is this really any different? https://youtu.be/APUDHFUKYrA Crookes radiometer, invented in 1873. Over the years, there have been many attempts to explain how a Crookes radiometer works: Crookes incorrectly suggested that the force was due to the pressure of light.[5] This theory was originally supported by James Clerk Maxwell, who had predicted this force. This explanation is still often seen in leaflets packaged with the device. The first experiment to test this theory was done by Arthur Schuster in 1876, who observed that there was a force on the glass bulb of the Crookes radiometer that was in the opposite direction to the rotation of the vanes. This showed that the force turning the vanes was generated inside the radiometer. If light pressure were the cause of the rotation, then the better the vacuum in the bulb, the less air resistance to movement, and the faster the vanes should spin. In 1901, with a better vacuum pump, Pyotr Lebedev showed that in fact, the radiometer only works when there is low-pressure gas in the bulb, and the vanes stay motionless in a hard vacuum.[6] Finally, if light pressure were the motive force, the radiometer would spin in the opposite direction, as the photons on the shiny side being reflected would deposit more momentum than on the black side where the photons are absorbed. This results from conservation of momentum - the momentum of the reflected photon exiting on the light side must be matched by a reaction on the vane that reflected it. The actual pressure exerted by light is far too small to move these vanes but can be measured with devices such as the Nichols radiometer. Another incorrect theory was that the heat on the dark side was causing the material to outgas, which pushed the radiometer around. This was effectively disproved by both Schuster's[7] and Lebedev's experiments.[6] A partial explanation is that gas molecules hitting the warmer side of the vane will pick up some of the heat, bouncing off the vane with increased speed. Giving the molecule this extra boost effectively means that a minute pressure is exerted on the vane. The imbalance of this effect between the warmer black side and the cooler silver side means the net pressure on the vane is equivalent to a push on the black side and as a result the vanes spin round with the black side trailing. The problem with this idea is that while the faster moving molecules produce more force, they also do a better job of stopping other molecules from reaching the vane, so the net force on the vane should be the same. The greater temperature causes a decrease in local density which results in the same force on both sides. Years after this explanation was dismissed, Albert Einstein showed that the two pressures do not cancel out exactly at the edges of the vanes because of the temperature difference there.[citation needed] The force predicted by Einstein would be enough to move the vanes, but not fast enough.[citation needed] The final piece of the puzzle, thermal transpiration, was theorized by Osborne Reynolds[8] in an unpublished paper that was refereed by Maxwell, who then published his paper which contained a critique of the mathematics in Reynolds's unpublished paper.[9] Maxwell died that year and the Royal Society refused to publish Reynolds's critique of Maxwell's rebuttal to Reynolds's unpublished paper, as it was felt that this would be an inappropriate argument when one of the people involved had already died.[3] Reynolds found that if a porous plate is kept hotter on one side than the other, the interactions between gas molecules and the plates are such that gas will flow through from the cooler to the hotter side. The vanes of a typical Crookes radiometer are not porous, but the space past their edges behaves like the pores in Reynolds's plate. On average, the gas molecules move from the cold side toward the hot side whenever the pressure ratio is less than the square root of the (absolute) temperature ratio. The pressure difference causes the vane to move, cold (white) side forward due to the tangential force of the movement of the rarefied gas moving from the colder edge to the hotter edge

Now here is information having substance well-worth delving head-long into! I was in rural Missouri for 13 years, but don't think I implied I remain there. I DID have numerous guns, as I've always been an avid target-shooter, sharpens the motor-skills, you know, but have never been interested in "Sport Hunting" of animals, as I do not consider shooting dead any living thing which is essentially defenseless. The "true" sport hunter would exercise his gun ownership rights by shooting at someone similarly armed, a duel, perhaps, or test for the armed Police. The latter would prove the madness in "Sport Shooting". Using a firearm in self-defense is IMO the morally justified use of a tool, as much so as defending one's person or those close to him through use of a knife, shovel, bludgeon, or any other tool not yet regulated by the folks guaranteed to always be allowed to possess them. The scholastically-imposed study of the rest of the world scored me lowest of all subjects, after Math, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and true to your definition, it was un-American, IMO. By the way, why pick Rhode Island? Explain please. I would have preferably shot down New York, or Massachusetts, perhaps even Connecticut.

This would entail a brand-new series of experiences! While still employed, my primary job was to conceive automated equipment aimed at reducing the labor costs of our product: tennis balls. Programmable Machine Controllers were a fairly new concept on the open market then, and we employed them in our machines. Thus, I developed the feeling that computers actually DID have a place in the world, back in 1979, doing highly useful work beyond the casual emptiness of cell phones, etc. However, I have been away from such endeavor many years now, and only got internet service in our very rural area of the Missouri Ozarks in about 2005, and only dial-up at that. HughesNet was probably available, but prohibitively expensive. I shall look into your suggestion.

Tell an old man who refuses to "feel" old, who rejected "growing old" while in middle age, who has good health, vigor, a few expected aches and pains, how to "give up" the lifestyle formerly involving heavy vehicular work, design and machining of project metal parts, in short, avoidance of the proverbial "rocking chair"...........

Both are "fluids", which classically behave predictably.

Your optimism is delectable! While my own was subverted many years ago due to personal events psychologically painful, my pessimism has been held in check by kind comment such as yours! I am now 76, feel as though I felt at, oh, ........60 or so, but realize more deeply day by day that my aspirations for furthering hobby pursuits must gradually decline from here. I am now convincing my wife of the absolute need for a car lift in my shop, as major (transmission) failure seems imminent. Needed as I no longer can heft those beastly-heavy things in and out upon my chest, lying on my back. Youth was great; middle-age rather acceptable; present outlook clouded, like the image in my crystal ball!

Old thread, however, still important: The mantles used in Coleman gasoline lamps are silk treated with Thorium Oxide. It glows nice and white when heated sufficiently, at the same time releasing Radon gas.........

I lack the knowledge or expertise to answer your specific questions, but will note that a Canadian Mining firm has leased the property of a very old mining claim only 8 miles east of our home in West-Central Arizona. They began operations over a year ago, and have extracted very significant amounts of gold and silver, Au to the extent of > 100 ounces per month. To achieve that yield, they process hundreds of thousands of pounds of ore! Small wonder the Old Miners gave up around the turn of the last century!

I can fully appreciate your diligence applied, as I had to do many times when I exhibited the daftness of mind present when beginning design and building of a 1-1/2-inch scale 4-8-4 Steam Locomotive: