paulsutton

Being ready is the key to all of this, any country needs to be ready to deploy at the shortest of notice, it seems that Russia can do this. The UK seems to be damaging the steel sector here, rather than investing in it. Great, we seem to need steel to build warships, carriers etc, so lets buy it from Chiba (cheap). Problem from my view point, we upset China --> China blocks steel exports --> we can't build warships as we no longer have the capacity to produce the materials needed. Now apply that to other industries that now rely on china and we are stuck. So what is the link between salaries and cost of weapons ?

Indeed, here in the UK the situation in Ukraine does seem to make the news, but takes lower priority over the pandemic. While The west dithers and divides. Other countries are stepping up to take our place. While the west cuts military, Russia / China seem to have been building theirs up. China is clamping down on the time students can spend playing games, so people CAN study, like that or not it seems sensible if they want a future well trained / educated workforce. Or at least that is how interpret their motive(s) on that one.

I was thinking more for the Copper Sulphate. But I understand your point.

Thanks for this, I have copper sulphate in with my chemistry kit, so can give that a go. I think i need to find a way to grow the initial seed crystal then. I am about to start as a TA in a primary school. There are various ideas here, perhaps we can investigate as a class too. It would need the usual risk assessment though which is fine, as i can find the materials safety data sheets for everything. I will get hold of some pure Sodium Chloride too, as that won't have the Ferrocyanide in. Thanks again Paul

I tried to grow some Salt crystals a while back, it worked using table salt, however this also contains Sodium Ferrocyanide. Would I be better using pure Sodium Chloride (from a chemical supplier) ? I think the crystals should be more cuboid shaped, which I think is how the molecular structure is for Sodium Chloride. I have attached a photo of my previous attempt results. I am not what the Sodium Ferrocyanide does, it is an anti caking agent or something. so that may explain the results. Thanks Paul

I guess he is now about 7, you can perhaps get some plastic tubes (or transparent plastic beakers / containers ) and add vinegar to bicarbonate of soda, this is where the old 35mm film pots are nice as the CO_2 build up makes the lid pop off. You can also make crystals from salt, which I know from working in an after school club, kds reallyseem to like crystals, but it is proobably safer to make them than bashing rocks together in an attempt to remove the crystals (in the case here it was quartz) but to kids they are crystals. I just found this (via a quick search, so not my website) https://www.science-sparks.com/how-to-make-salt-crystals/ Paul

Hi Just posting this here to ask if I am on the right track when explainign an experiment result. I am setting up a STEM group, as part of this I have a book aimed at 7-11 year olds that has lots of simple but still very effective experiment in. One is Adding Vinegar to Bicarbonate of soda in a sealed zip lock back, so when the two react the bag fills with CO_2 and then I guess splits open due to the pressure. A second related experiment is creating a cold pack, similar method, only you put some holes in to reduce the pressure build up, this causes the reactants to cool. looking at this explanation of endo vs exo thermic reactions. https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/chemical-processes/thermochemistry/a/endothermic-vs-exothermic-reactions Would I be right in interpreting the above an endothermic reaction as the bag cools down, so absorbs heat and cooling the surrounding area. I have a few other ideas such as crystal growing ingredients such as salt, sugar. Extracting Iron from cereals and a few others, that look interesting als have a few physics experiments I want to have a go at and the room we are using gives the space for this. Hopefully being here will be useful to others too. Thanks you for any help on this REGARDS Paul

As with any source of information if you are going to use anything in your own research it needs to be cited properly, from a academic viewpoint it would be viewed as plagiarism which will reflect badly on you. By citing you are backing up any claims, and if there are issues with the source. There are tools that make this much easier, esp if you use LaTeX and a bibliography file. Paul An example (probably not very good, but I just tried to think of a quick example) if you were writing an essay on Star Trek for example. Spock suggests "The needs of the many, outweigh the needs of the few, or the one" [1], this could be an example of Vulcan logic, as he was suggesting that to save the crew he should sacrifice himself, their needs out weigh the needs of the one (him), the few could be his close friends. e.g Kirk, Bones, Scotty et al. [1] Spock, Star Trek II the Wrath of Kahn, 1982,

Prior to the pandemic, poverty and inequality was hidden to some extent, the pandemic has really put this in the public eye, a UBI could perhaps address issues such as food poverty, allow people to buy basic IT kit the rest of us take for granted and kids could study on their own devices. This in some cases, if they are not turned off from education will help kids achieve more in school , eat properly and produce better outcomes, too many people of all ages seem to be falling through cracks in the system. I am not working, back in January I attended training for a Lego WeDo session for schools. The main which was mean tot take place in about June was cancelled due to the pandemic, and with that went my chance to network with teachers, and school staff and perhaps move in to paid employment. People like me WANT to work, the pandemic is making this far harder to get than normal. A UBI would be a real safety net for a lot of people, , at least it would give people a chance.

Ok sorry about that, As I have written the article about this website I am going to send it hopefully it will generate a few more members. On the forum. Regards Paul

I put it on my blog (still draft) so it is easier for me to share the document as a draft review of this science forums website, I want to promote this forum, as it is really useful and helpful as a discussion platform. I have already mentioned it lots of times in various posts to direct people here for further discussion, ( I can't think of many places where I can ask stuff on cutting edge physics or science) I can get hopefully get said article / blog published locally (Torbay) if it sounds ok, so hopefully attract more users here, so i am not intending to put my website link at the end. Just trying to make sure that any review is a fair review of the site. Paul

I am not a expert in immunity and immunology but I think you make a good point here, exposure to dirt / germs helps build the immune system.

Given that the permafrost is also melting in many regions, there has also been warnings previously that there could be very old viruses / bacteria in that permafrost, which are dormant when frozen but as that permafrost melts are released. We just don't know I guess.

As in this? https://edition.cnn.com/2019/04/10/world/black-hole-photo-scn/index.html If the article says this was taken with 8 telescopes. I guess it is not a photo in the traditional sense, and definition (as with a camera) as radio telescopes work with radio waves rather than light and this is a combination of different instruments with data combined. Still cool, even though all the memes were of donuts, which I think is the analogy model for a blackhole anyway (well sort of). if you look at the curve of a donut (the sort with the hole in).

If you are interested in Astronomy and Space I suggest In the Night sky : Orion, which is part of OpenLearn ( http://www.open.ac.uk/ ) from the OU, that covers a lot about stars, planets, star life cycles, and searching for exoplanets, there is a lot of crossover with other courses, which is sometimes a good thing, But as this is longer then you will cover what is also in the shorter courses such as The Sun. And if you need to discuss something further you could always ask here on the forum. Paul

Hi In an effort to try and promote Scienceforums more widely I have tried to write a review on my website url deleted This isn't published yet as it is still draft, but is still viewable, I am posting here for some feedback, my intention here to promote this website as I find it really useful, friendly and engaging, hopefully we can attract more people to take part in discussions. So firstly is it ok to do this, ? and how does it sound so far ? I am not a fan of Facebook (not on it) so welcome any forum such as this where discussions can take place. Thank you for any help Paul

Cool thanks, so i guess I must have moved up at some point and not noticed. Paul

Not quite too sure what to search for here other than 'Ranking' which doesn't seem to return a list, , I seem to be a Meson at present, but others are molecule, atom etc, is there a list of these ranks somewhere please. Just for interest. Thanks Paul

In terms of anti poverty, Would a universal basic income be far better for society, ? If you increase taxes then you get accused of punishing the rich. This is from Jan 2020 World’s billionaires have more wealth than 4.6 billion people https://www.oxfam.org/en/press-releases/worlds-billionaires-have-more-wealth-46-billion-people I wonder what the Covid 19 pandemic has done to these figures, we know that Amazon and Facebook have done very well from the news. But the cost is to the millions facing job losses, evictions, and poverty. In other news Both Bill Gates and Mark Zukerburg are apparently now centi-billionaires, so worth something like $ 100 Billion Dollars, meanwhile there are people who use Facebook who can barely afford to make ends meet and buy food. Maybe we need to define the term 'learn' and bring in some child development experts in to this. https://childdevelopmentinfo.com/ages-stages/#gs.dho62l

A child learns from the parent or their environment, and this seems to apply to the animal kingdom too, a adult chimp for example uses a stick to get food (termites) from a hole in the ground or tree, the youngster copies the adult. I think we are finding animals and their social structures are far more complex than first thought but in a way they are also remarkably similar they can feel loss, grief, and well as happiness. I can't find the reference to what I may have refereed to earlier, (it's on a poster somewhere) I did find this https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/researchweek/ResearchWeek2020/All2020/37/ I think we are seeing increasing evidence that the first few years of a child's life are essential, not just with what the are exposed but their diet and stimulation is also important, for development.

I will need to look that up, but may be we need to make some tough decisions somewhere. Like how do we fund social care and adult education, if that means higher taxes, or other funding streams these are tough decisions, that may be unpopular unless people see results from these policies. Maybe it is people and their needs that are different,if we are all unique and different needs and level of needs then we all need help in different ways. hence the complexity.

Agreed, if not jail, there are for example complexes of secure housing, and secure, perhaps sheltered communities, they are not locked up as such but are in a secure / safe environment. Where they have access to the help they need.

Well that is why the justice system needs hand out justice that fits the crime or crimes that have taken place. One size can't fit all. If you look at the 3 that killed PC Harper, we are looking at burglary, theft of a car, and dragging PC Harper behind for over a mile, causing horrific fatal injuries. Odd how none of them noticed. Then they just laugh about it, showing contempt for everyone including the family and friends of the victim. So while I agree with longer jail terms, surely those who show remorse, or admit their crime (say they do the same thing) that remorse and or admission should be taken in to account. Those who show no remorse and laugh clearly need the laugh wiped from their faces. The 3 who killed PC harper are apparently now appealing against their sentence. Give judges the power to hand out very harsh and long terms, so they then have the power and option to also commute that to shorter terms. For petty theft, perhaps the jail term could be determined by treatment and then education so people are helped back in to society and are less likely to offend again, jail should not be a place they would want to go back to, but the education and treatment leaves them in a better place. So if that programme takes 3 years then you have 3 years for petty theft, it depends on the individual, but that can be start off in a medium security prison which has access to proper training and funding. Perhaps the last six months they can be released for work, and return for the evening and night, special wings to allow for that. And yes some prison terms should not prevent you from going in to the police, in fact having been inside, it may make you a better candidate to talk to groups of people about choices and consequences. Very complex, but maybe we need to make tough decisions to get to the best outcomes for people.

How about red light, much better for Astronomy. Seriously, however, would daylight be too bright you just need a level to illuminate the path below or we need to work out the purpose of the street light and find a mix of colours to suit. Street lights maybe one colour but those illuminating roads may need to be brighter or different colour, perhaps diffused would be better in some situations.

Good point, maybe we would see any energy / matter ejected from the white hole being drawn towards the black hole but interesting idea, there would certainly probably be a lot of energy involved, it depends on what is meant by close, esp in terms of space distances. Incidentally, there is no known mechanism for forming a white hole. Yeah as we know the mechanism for a BH is a collapsed star, a supernova is a exploding star, so a white hole would have to be some other process, which as you said we don't know yet. Fascinating to think about really, even if complex.