Giulia Barbarito

I've read something about the asymmetry of the a subunit, and how this produces opposites rotations in ATP synthesis and hydrolysis. Honestly, I don't understand how asymmetry can make a difference from symmetry. Thank you for your kind help.

Hello, it is known that ATP synthase changes rotation when if has to create ATP from when it hydrolyzes it. My question is: what could be a hypothesis for this mechanism? My only idea is an hypothesis against it: the bacterial flagellar motor can shift the direction of rotation between forward and reverse without changing the direction of proton movement through the membrane. I studied the experiments, but i would like to find the first hypotheses that then gave birth to these experiments. thanks.