MarkDv

Could anybody help me to understand the relationship between thrombo­cytopenia and thrombosis. I was previously thinking that these are two opposite factors, but it turned out that these are cofactors (in vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia and Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia). I read some articles about these but still cannot get it: how low platelet count may lead to thrombosis if thrombosis, by nature, is caused by aggregation of platelets in a vessel and high platelet count may cause thrombosis as well. Thanks!

Yes... I checked several articles and it seems that everywhere they say "concerted" or "non-concerted" integration like something obvious for everybody. That's why I got an impression that I can't get something relatively simple. Thanks for your help anyway. And I have to dig a bit more.

I really appreciate your reply but let me try to go a bit further... Then, non-concerted integration would be the one when only only one LTR is inserted? ... Probably not... And also I didn't get this: They talk about double-stranded DNA integration. What loop do mean here? The article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC98978/ Thanks for your reply!

I'm reading an article and I just stuck with it. I cannot get the difference. Tried to look around, got some idea but still not clear. Could somebody explain it to me in simple words or give me a link where it is explained, please? I couldn't find anything that could clarify it for me. Thank you.

For ‘free will’ topic, I would guess, you better go to the philosophy forum. In my personal view, if you talk scientifically, there is no free will at all, regardless we talk about bacteria or humans. It only differences in complexity of physical processes involved. I think the best way to understand this question is to look at all of them as a bunch of molecules which are constantly changing their charges and as such are ‘able’ to bond to each other or be separated one from the other. It is kind of multiple chain reactions, one depending on another. Nobody could give you all reactions not only for a tardigrade, but even for a bacteria or yeast. It seems that even with viruses it’s not that easy. On another hand… Why do you ask about ‘free will total reactions’ of live objects. … It is windy today around my house... Can you give me total reactions (interactions) which wobble the branch of pine outside while I’m typing this crap? Probably not. But you are not assuming free will of wind here, right? Same with organic life. Hope it helps somehow..

May I ask if someone could suggest a good and friendly zoology forum. I have a question about snails. I found their shells in the field where I walk with my dogs gathered in heaps in a dozen or two numbers. I'm wondering if they have the ability to gather together for any reason themselves or they are being collected by other animals (mice?). Just interesting… Thanks!

This type of comments deprives me of the opportunity to say anything other than agreeing with all of the above. Thank you everybody for the attention to my question!

Yes, I agree that But why do you think that Covid-19 course of disease is different from other influenza? It's much more logical ( I think... may be wrong...) to assume that those 3.9 ml died in 2002 just simply died at home without intensive care which people with Covid-19 are getting now due to very high social attention. I don’t have depth stats for 2020 but I would not be surprised if the depth toll related to influenza/pneumonia is actually less than normal due to the fact that many people are saved in the hospitals (who were dying with the same conditions in previous years) Again I’m not trying to impose anything, I'm just trying to understand the info I found accidentally...

I thought it should be discussed previously but I checked posts for the last year and didn't find anything related.. Now, after about a year of the pandemic, the number of deaths from Covid-19 in the world is about 1.9 million. However 3.9 million died in 2002 from lower respiratory tract infections. From hepatitis C and B, not counting the rest (but there is much less) in 2015/2016, almost 1.3 million died. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infection https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-c https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-b And there was not much fuss about it. ... Well, let's say that Covid added another 2 million to these 3.9 million deaths from pneumonia (although this is unlikely to be the case, because those who die from Covid still had a very high chance of dying from another pneumonia, so the figure for non-Covid pneumonia should be less for this period) .... But still, it does not fit with the data on overcrowded hospitals, etc. Strange… Now in Russia officials say that there is almost no influenza during this season (Autumn-Winter) other than Covid-19… https://tass.ru/obschestvo/10466859 (in Russian) I am by no means a conspiracy theorist and I do not consider this pandemic a fake event, but still seems strange to me ... Any suggestion/explanations? Thanks!

Charon and Dag, thank you very much for your responses! I did not get direct responses to my questions but I do realize now that it could not be. I now have a better picture of the topic I was asked about. I need some time to take a close look at the links you provided. And think about it... Very appreciated!

Thank you for your reply, Charon! Yes, right, just after I sent my message I thought that this is quite a vague term. I couldn't find a better way to explain... But yes, I'm interested to know if there is any quantitative data on how DNA changes during cell differentiation. I was certain that there should be studies on what changes DNAs undergo during cell differentiation. For example, if DNA modification during cell specialization is due to mostly methylation or mostly due to proteins affecting the genes? Or, perhaps, there are some changes in DNA sequencing? Or something else which I missed? More specifically, I was wondering how gametes (which (my guess) are themselves kind of or should develop from kind of totipotent cells) are developing in mature organisms? In other words, if gametogenesis emerges from more or less specialized cells how then gametes become kind of totipotent cells even after meiosis. Also I do not understand why chromosomes still play such a significant role in nowadays thinking. I have an impression that DNAs organise into chromosomes only just before and during divisions while during the normal (routine) stage of the cell's life DNA looks more like tangled thread in the nucleus. Am I missing something here?

Right. This is what I expected to hear. But I also would like to see some data on this. With the modern sequencing techniques I expected to find a lot of info about comparing initial DNA of an organism and DNA of specialized cells at later stages of development. My question is related to understanding how the gene expression and gene silencing occurs at DNA level. Is it occurred through the structural modification of DNA or it happens due to just functional differentiation? I think this is a valid question... I would be really surprised if nobody else would be confounded by this question.

I'm surprised that I didn't get any replies. It doesn't seem to me that the question is too complicated or very specific. Or, in opposite, it is very stupid? Any suggestion why there is no replies? Thanks!

Hi, all! I'm looking for information if the DNA in zygotes or in blastomeres of an organism are equal to DNA in somatic cells at later stages of the organism development. My understanding is that during the ontogenesis of organisms their DNA in specialized somatic cells are subject to more or less significant changes.However I could not find any info about it. I would appreciate any suggestions. Thanks!