AFAIK, expansion of the universe is a GR effect, and it cannot be consistently described in term of Newtonian mechanics. Specifically, there is no Newtonian 'F' in GR formulation.
Einstein field equations, EFE, relate geometry of spacetime (LHS of the equations) with distribution of energy-momentum in the spacetime (RHS). To get an accelerated expansion in these equations, you need either an extra term on the LHS or an extra term on the RHS. The former leads to inclusion of a "cosmological constant" in the EFE. The latter leads to inclusion of a peculiar energy source in the universe, the "dark energy."
If not this, there would be something else. Belorussia, Kosovo, Serbia, Basks, who knows.
You know that babies exhibit a feel of 'fairness' very early in life. They get upset when they perceive something as being 'unfair.' This emotion alone is enough to perpetuate wars.
However, Russians, Ukrainians, British, Irish, Arabs, Israelis, Armenians, Azeris, etc. are all well fed and sheltered, and they are/ were in wars anyway. There are other reasons.
Computer is a concept which we (you, me, some other people) use to organize our perceptions of the world. A member of lost Amazonian tribe while finding a computer in the forest would perhaps perceive three blocks rather than one anything, i.e. a big block (monitor), a medium size block (keyboard), and a small block (mouse). And she will be right.
Same here. Same about waves.
I disagree. A common perception I observe is indifference, "It is something that scientists do..."
Disagree again, sorry. It seems to me just opposite.
1+1=2 does not refer to any manipulations with the things, 1 and 1. It refers to counting things.
If you count some things and find that there is 1 of them, count some other things and find that there is 1 of them, then if you count all of these things you find that there are 2 of them. This is what 1+1=2 says.
I think it is very difficult to know why people do what they do. Their personality, development, and environment affect their behavior, and then they come up with a narrative to explain and justify it, sometimes, to themselves and to others. Let me ask you: why do you want to know the answer to this question?
Also, most fish, I think, have many bones and/or cartilage protecting all organs. These don't cost much in the water as long as they are attached flexibly.
Curiously, I keep reading the same about biology, how it is monopolized by ideas like evolution and how there are both serious problems and promising alternatives to these theories, but they're suppressed by academic politics.
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