Genady

As for gravitational time dilation of proton, it is about 1-3*10-39. This is dilation of 10-22 second over the age of the Universe.

How did they (the observers) know that they observed a fear of heights and not something else? Especially, it is strange because cats do not fear heights.

Then consider / compare binoculars. See e.g. here: How to choose binoculars for astronomy and skywatching | Space

Yes, perhaps. But also, how we define 'relativity', 'relationship', and 'objective' in this context.

I think that such a distinction is undefined. Can you clarify what you mean by "inborn or not"? Then why it's in the Ethics forum?

Keep the expectations low. Stars will be just dots, anyway. You will see more of them, and they will be brighter. You will see some details of the Solar system objects, such as rings of Saturn and other planets' satellites. These will be exhausted soon. Nothing like crisp and spectacular images one finds online.

Thank you for the correction.

What is the purpose?

So, you can "measure the increase in volume from inside the volume."

But the ruler is not a wavelength of a travelling photon. The ruler is defined locally. For example, like this: (Metre - Wikipedia) Such rulers do not expand. PS. I've picked that half a line because I saw it a pivot for the rest. It is relevant.

IOW, define metric. Exactly.

The ruler does not expand. The expansion is present on the distances of hundreds Mpc's. Expansion of space is a feature of homogenous isotropic space. But the physical space is not homogenous and isotropic. It has local areas of various densities of energy and momentum. They are sources of gravity, and they cause the spacetime to curve this way and that way, to shrink and to expand here and there with various rates. Only when all these local effects are averaged on the distances of hundreds Mpc's, the net effect of them becomes a uniform expansion of space.

And now?

You can say whatever you want about your pictures. But it is not how GR works. In GR, distances are determined via metric. Take two events in Minkowski spacetime, for example, events A and B: Which one is closer to 0?

Globally, regionally, locally ... Mentally, culturally, behaviorally ... Thank you for playing. As I don't intend to discuss this topic any deeper, I rather excuse myself.

I am not sure about it either, unless 'fewer humans' is 0. It changes all the time, IMO.

I don't see how it follows. (We are causing mass extinctions ⇒ we are too many)

If the axes in the images above (see https://www.scienceforums.net/topic/131720-cosmological-redshift-and-metric-expansion/?do=findComment&comment=1248849) were labeled with metric units, e.g., 1 km, 2 km, etc., then they could represent a metric. In that case, it would be immediately obvious that they are just two different pictures of the same thing, i.e., a 2 km by 2 km area. But without units, they can mean anything, for example degrees of latitude and longitude. In this case, they show two shapes, both taking up 2 degrees of latitude and 2 degrees of longitude. Which is larger? This is impossible to tell as it depends where on Earth are they. Moreover, if they are on different planets, it also depends on the planets' radii.

I too value other species and hate to see that. But it does not answer the question.

Can you clarify your statements with an example? If you don't mind, please describe the Pythagoras theorem in your terminology.

Is the Earth overpopulated?

It also would have to be all the bacteria and archaea which live within the larger organisms, and which are necessary for these organisms' functioning.

You are right, 'null' is not strictly applicable here. I use it here rather in the sense of 'default setting.' (Re: )

You might be just an atheist in disguise, like the ones described here (from the same wiki article): 😄

Wanted to add a couple of examples to my previous comment and to demonstrate why this ^^^ is incorrect. One example is metric that measures number of colored pixels. In this metric, the second shape is larger than the first. Another metric is square of difference between the pixels in vertical and in horizontal directions. In this metric, the first shape is larger than the second.