StringJunky

On this forum, now and the past, we have/have had some very experienced scientists. In the six years I've been coming here, not one has claimed to have altered the paradigm in some aspect of their field... what makes you think you can do it with no formal training? It seems, to me, that the less one knows, the more that is possible. I think you exemplify this.

That info was from a diving forum with particular interest in rebreathers, They were discussing grades of helium and sources.

A chap who worked at BOC posted that Helium extracted from returned cylinders and other devices are recovered into large bags. Although pure at the start, the returned cylinders have unknown usage and handling history, so, may have acquired impurities. Anyway, this recovered helium is of unknown purity. Helium for balloons is used straight from the bag, so to speak. The medical/research grade can still be from the same source but undergoes purification steps.

I can't see what the problem is for you. Below a certain level of molecular complexity and interactions, in biological systems, the components would not be defined as 'living', since they are not self-sustaining...they require interaction with other molecular systems; as individual components they are 'lifeless'. These individual components together act as an ensemble. If that ensemble fulfills the criteria that scientists understand as an autonomous, living system, it is called an 'organism'.

OK then: "Abiogenesis and Evolution are codswallop". Now, please educate me. Note that we are in Biology.

In science, you decide on the basis of the evidence presented. If you are truly ignorant about the subject at hand, and one of the conversants has that subject in their field of professional expertise, learn from their position. It's not ideal but the odds are better towards them. I think it's silly to argue a contrary position when one is not sufficiently competent and the other person is.

Perhaps one could say: If my thoughts don't add value and continuity to to the OP, I will desist.

There is a Wiki on 45,X/46,XY.

Life is an emergent property of certain ensembles of 'lifeless' molecules. That ensemble becomes life when it reaches a minimum set of functions and conditions, of which, scientists don't know all of them yet.

Got you. Cheers.

I suppose that makes sense; an atom is not a lattice and, as you say, a quick gen up on them suggests it's a function of a lattice.

Try adwcleaner. You have adware, I think, and this should remove it. Defender is not meant for this type of software because it is unwanted rather than harmful... although it doesn't like to be uninstalled easily. https://toolslib.net/downloads/viewdownload/1-adwcleaner/ It's simple to use and doesn't install itself permanently. Click 'Scan' > Click 'Clean' > Reboot. Repeat if it finds a lot as shown in the report you will see after rebooting.

Indeed. I've been browsing Fierce Pharma news site nearly everyday for the last few months and it's just a different world in Big Pharma. They talk in telephone numbers when it comes to money gained and lost. Executive staff shuffle between companies more than football managers. With respect to the OP, all's fair in business nowadays. The way I look at is: would the losers care about winners if the situation was reversed? I think not.

The other thing is that government research grants is not really being used for such altruistic purposes, as one likes to think. i.e academics toiling away with federal money for the common good... indirectly it does... even then it'll cost the public a bomb. That really pisses me off. As an example: The seminal but as-yet unmarketable work for many drug breakthroughs are often funded in university labs with public money, only to be milked by private speculators when it is commercially viable. With no cost savings to the health systems or tax payer.

Have tried you resetting the computer? It will keep your files if you want it to. Assuming you have Windows 10: Type: "reset" in the Search box > Click on "Reset This PC" > Click "Get Started" > Choose "Keep My Files" or "Remove Everything". Follow the prompts from there. I think it's usually quicker to just put a new Windows on than faff about for some unknown time (probably hours or days) trying to find the problem and its solution. You'll likely have Windows updates to do again.

Is the phonon energy mechanically conducted? If one observed a single atom with a phonon, would it retain that excitation in vacuo permanently?

This phenomenon is part and parcel of everyday life in the pharmaceutical industry. The stakes are very high .but the rewards are as well. It can take decades to develop a drug then only for it to fail in human testing...cost... billions. A 2014 article:

The AI needs a library of words or sentences that it is programmed to ignore and not use in its response algorithm. It's early days for AI.

Gravity is a centripetal force, which means that two objects will tend to move towards each others centre of gravity, that is assuming equal velocity (same motion and same direction). The greater the ratio in mass between the two, the more force is exerted by the larger object on the smaller one, leading to the smaller object ‘falling’ faster towards the larger object, relative to the larger object ‘falling’ to the smaller one. As the ratio between the two rises, this increases the relative ‘weight’ of the smaller object - as measured on the surface of the larger object. A 1Kg weight on Earth weighs about 1/7th of that on the Moon... it falls relatively slower towards the Moon’s centre of gravity compared to on Earth.

I made the same error..

Thanks. Sorted.

I don't think one should just consider the death rate but also longterm complications. I found a contemporary report (link below) of the 1963 England, Wales and Scotland measles epidemic, which, by its account, was a very mild year compared to previous years. It will probably give you an idea of its significance. You will note that this report even mentions that some medics doubted the need for a national vaccination program because it was only a "mild" disease. As you probably know, it was considered fairly normal to catch measles, mumps, rubella at some point in ones childhood. I caught measles in 1966 at 4 years old. I was lucky and was unscathed by it... I think! Link to PDF direct download: Frequency of Complications of Measles,1963

No, the onus is on the compromised person in that situation. It's not relevant to the epidemiology of disease. Every person not vaccinated for measles, can become a host for the continued evolution (mutation) of that pathogen into a greater variety and more resistant forms. This increases the chances of it affecting the vulnerable. It's called social responsibility. The trouble is that measles isn't prevalent anymore because of the success of the vaccination program. This is now reversing because some short-sighted people, not old enough to have experience of the MMR epidemics, now think the risk from the vaccine is greater than the risk from the disease. Can you not see history repeating itself? Do we have to wait until the unenlightened generations see brain damage, deafness, death etc before they start getting concerned enough to get vaccinated?

Also, one must consider the risk to people who can't be vaccinated because they are immuno-compromised. In the overarching principle of vaccination, responsibility lies with an individual to their society as much as to themselves and their family.