StringJunky

That's right. If it happens and it fits in the prevailing environment, it stays.

From a science forum, don't seek advice, seek information.

http://discovermagazine.com/2013/may/09-archaeologists-find-earliest-evidence-of-humans-cooking-with-fire

Farming and controlled use of fire.

If it's an air-tight container where no air can move in or out, there might be a bit of a vacuum in there, which can make it tighter. A tiny hole drilled through the top might help by equalising the pressure difference. I'm only guessing here because I don't know what it looks like.

The sand ends up in the middle because the vortex, made by stirring, is a funnel: descending grains follow the most active part of the funnel down. into the 'eye' at the bottom. I was thinking of tornados.

Have you tried a strap wrench? You could use a hair dryer to make the stuck assembly warmer just before trying. This is what one looks like: http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B00006L9PO/scouscho-20/

That's a result of velocity. differences What you said before is related to gravitational differences.

No prob.

An individual adaptation starts with a mutation, If that mutation is beneficial i.e. enhances the probability of reproduction, that adaptation will be passed on. Think of vocal acquisition as a series of steps that happen over a long time. Because each step is beneficial, it provides the breeding ground for the next step because it's selected for. Simplistically, the more vocally-able individual can chat up more girls! The other advantage with complex language is that one develops a more sophisticated 'inner voice' which allows a better ability to model things mentally, sequentially and be more abstract. That's besides being able to share those ideas with others; individual and collective intelligence increases.

A few million... peanuts. Big Pharma spends hundreds of millions on one drug that may take a minimum of 12 years, and only about 1 in a 1000 exploratory drugs get there on the chemist's shelf. Once the essential technological pathway for artificial wombs has been successfully worked out, billions will be invested.

Yes. I think scientists, currently, can measure time down to an altitude difference of 30cm. There are experimental devices in progress which can work, theoretically, work to 2cm altitude difference.

Yes,that's a nice quote.

OK Galileo.

The pursuit of perpetual motion is equivalent to dreaming about an everlasting tin of beer.

In fact, the patent people won't accept any proposal for a PMM unless you can produce a fully working model.

I think the intact experiment will remain bacteria-free for the length of time it takes for the other one to grow a colony, which I think would be sufficient to illustrate Pasteur's point; indeed it was

The definition, creation and interpretation of law, above all things, should be federal business, not state. I am bemused by the degree of autonomy states have on critical stuff that really requires harmonisation across the whole country.

Picture a colony of bacteria on a tiny bit of dust being blown around in the air. What will be its general direction in the absence of airflow? What causes it to go in that direction? Look which way the tube is pointing in the complete setup.

Yes, when thinking about future society, one must be careful not to judge its potential behaviour and practices, by our contemporary ethical standards. You've only got to cast your own mind back a couple of generations - assuming one is old enough - to see clear disparities in generational aspirations.and expectations.

Fair enough, my source is from memory really, going back to female Soviet Bloc Olympians in the early to mid-seventies when it was mentioned quite often.

Back pressure to take out any possible slack in local pressure along the feed-line, which could cause air pockets, and result in flow anomalies.

Not by our current measures of what constitutes good care, but societal expectations and standards change over ensuing decades. Given that a not negligible number of women avoid breastfeeding and have Caeserean sections in order to preserve their bodies, I think other, possibly artificial, methodologies will be found to meet the needs of a developing foetus that are found wanting in an artificial womb. I can just picture a device, say the size and look of a water cooler/dispenser in the corner of a typical home; "Darling, can you get some more Baby-Gro tablets from Walmart on your way back?". Think of the photo opportunities: it'll bring a whole new phase of child development into constant view.

It would sell by the million; no more stretch marks.

In a male, the genitals are at full expression with those particular hormones, so adding more won't make a significant difference in a matured man. In females that undertake activity to induce or add those hormones their genitals, and other parts, will undergo masculinisation and that means enlargement in some cases but only to a certain potential.