toucana

5 hours ago, TheVat said:

My daughter and I are both bluegrass fans, and she has played professionally in a bluegrass band, along with a varied career in music and music teaching. I like Jarosz's clawhammer style and use of a banjitar, a custom instrument I think is superbly suited for bluegrass. I played a banjo (standard 5 string w/resonator) for a time in my early twenties, but the call of the keyboard pulled me away. Now I want to go back and take another crack at it, maybe with an Irish tenor banjo, a 4 string with GDAE tuning (which I call "Australian tuning," due to a bad pun, viz "G'dae, mate!"). 🙄

Known as a "Fifths Tuning" because you are tuned in perfect fifths from the bass string upwards. Some tenor banjo players recommend using C.G.D.A instead - they say the fingerings flow slightly more naturally if you are playing fiddle tunes.

Texan singer Sarah Jarosz performing an Appalachian style version of ‘Ireland’s Green Shore’ by Tim O’Brien, with Sam Grisman (son of David Grisman) on bass, and virtuoso Alex Hargreaves on fiddle - something of a dream team if you happen to be a modern country/bluegrass music fan.

4 hours ago, MigL said:

I can see such a need for places where young people need to move away from their elderly parents ( as has been mentioned about China, and Southern Italy which I'm familiar with ) in order to find employment, but why are their families abandoning their parents, or sending them into retirement homes in places like the US and Canada ?
Parents deserve better than an app; their families should care for them.

In China there is conflict between the modern day economic pressures that drive younger people to leave their native villages to seek work in far-flung megalopolises, and a core Confucian value called Xiao 孝 meaning ’filial piety’ which enjoins a deep reverence for one’s parents and ancestors. One of the Confucian classics is called the Xiao-Jing  孝經  which enjoins a three year period of mourning and ancestor veneration rituals like the spring Qingming festival 清明 节 (’Tomb Sweeping Day’).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classic_of_Filial_Piety

These traditional values remain highly influential even within the Communist PRC, and the emphasis they lay on caring for your parents in their old age has led some Chinese communities to counter the social dislocation of modern urbanization by introducing support contracts for elderly parents.

In Confucian thought, children owe an "eternal debt" to their parents for the gift of life, and the years of protection and care they received, especially in the first three years of their life when they were wholly dependent on them (hence the three year period of mourning).

The ideogram for xiào (孝) depicts a child (zǐ, 子) below an elder (lǎo, 老), symbolizing a son supporting or carrying an older person.

3 hours ago, exchemist said:

Oh that's interesting. So the phone app reacts if it is not moved for 12 hrs. That's very good - seems to do the job nicely. I might keep that in mind for a few years from now, to alert my son.

But that immediately raises the question of what the extra benefit is of this Chinese app.

I think the viral spike in this app’s popularity is related to a number of cultural trends in mainland Chinese society. The average age of the population has been rising quite rapidly for some years because of the “one child per family” rules enacted in the PRC  between 1979 and 2015 which has led to a rise in ‘4-2-1’ family structures, and growing numbers of seniors living alone. Throughout the past decade, hundreds of millions of younger people have migrated from their hometowns to find work in distant megalopolises like Shanghai, Chengdu, Wuhan, and Guangzhou leaving behind emptying rural villages and isolated elderly parents who feel particularly vulnerable when they become widowers.

“By 2050, more than 34% of China’s citizens are projected to be more than 60 years old, according to the country’s National Working Commission. That will amount to almost 500 million people, nearly twice as many as today.”

https://edition.cnn.com/2019/02/07/asia/china-elderly-people-new-year-intl

There has also been a dramatic decline in the number of new marriages in China which fell to a new low last year:

“Some 6.1 million couples registered their marriages in 2024, a plunge of 20.5% from the previous year, according to data released Saturday by China’s Ministry of Civil Affairs. It marks a record low since the ministry started releasing the statistics in 1986.”

https://edition.cnn.com/2025/02/10/china/china-marriage-registrations-record-low-2024-intl-hnk

This coupled with a plunging birth-rate has meant that unusually large numbers of younger people are living alone too, and up to 19.6%  of those aged between 16 and 24 are also likely to be unemployed according recent job stats :

https://edition.cnn.com/2023/04/30/economy/china-youth-unemployment-intl-hnk

All of which adds to a pervasive sense of anomie -  depression, anxiety and isolation among younger Chinese people - along with a morbid fear of living and dying alone.

Sileme (Chinese -  死了么  - “Are They Dead”) A viral mobile phone app created by developer Moonscape Technologies Inc. which recently leapt to the  #1  spot on Apple’s paid download charts has been renamed Demumu according to a company Weibo post today.

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/1/14/chinese-app-are-you-dead-to-change-name-after-surge-in-popularity

It’s a lightweight social safety tool aimed at an estimated 200 million people who may be living  in one-person households in China by 2030. The online tool which costs 8 Yuan ($1.15), or £0.99 on the UK Apple Store encourages users to log in once a day to confirm that they are still alive. If the user fails to log in on 2 consecutive days, then an automatic notification is sent to a designated emergency contact.

In a country with a population of around 1.4 billion, where a growing a number of seniors are living alone, the app has been welcomed by many social media users - “For the first time, someone is concerned about whether I’m dead or alive,” one wrote on the blogging platform Weibo.

The new name Demumu has no Chinese character equivalent. It is derived from a word play on the English word “Death” and the syllabic pattern of “Labubu” - a plushie monster and popular collectible toy from the Hong Kong artist Kasing Lung's "The Monsters" series, known for its mischievous grin, pointy ears, and big eyes, often sold as a furry elf in blind boxes by Pop Mart.

59 minutes ago, sethoflagos said:

Spot on! Apples were first domesticated in the area around present day Tajikistan, and the provinces of Jammu and Kashmir have been major producers for millennia.

Btw, your recipe is for a preserved chutney. It can be eaten as soon as it's cooled, but normal practice would be to bottle and store somewhere dark and cool for a month to fully mature.

As it happens, I'd bought some freshly picked pears and udara this afternoon that should be a good match the sweet and sour of the cooking apples and raisins. I'd everything else to hand in the kitchen so I brewed up a test batch (about a pint) and as soon as it's cool, it'll make a nice contrasting (and pretty authentic) side dish to my rajma and roti (also a Kashmiri standard).

Bon Appetit !

I can recall my great-aunts brewing up this mixture in a large preserving pan (aka ‘Maslin Pan’) creating a real reek of vinegar as it boiled down, before bottling it, and storing the jars in a dark pantry chill room.

9 minutes ago, exchemist said:

Hmm, except apples are not very Raj-like. But OK, this is was for consumption in Britain, with cold meat rather than Indian food, then.

Yes I remember the practice of cold meat with warm cooked vegetables - a pretty dreadful combo as I recall. Cold meat much better with salads and bread in my view, but back in the day the British didn't seem to eat salads much. Also I suppose things like lettuce and tomatoes would have been unobtainable in winter. Though one could grate carrots and have beetroot, shredded cabbage, things like that.

Back in those days they used to serve enormous oven-roasted turkeys at Xmas which took forever to cook and ages to carve, and they invariably wound up with such a tonnage of left-overs after stripping the carcass, that you would be eating cold cuts and hot vegetables for the rest of the week.

Apples by the way do play a significant role in Indian cuisine, though usually in the more northern Himachal Pradesh and Kashmir regions.

https://applesandpeople.org.uk/india/

Which would be consistent with the ‘Cashmere’ theme of this chutney.

1 hour ago, exchemist said:

What do you eat it with? Or rather, what was its culinary purpose back when the recipe was written?

As far as I can recall the chutney was placed on the dining table in a cut glass decanter with a stopper, and was mainly consumed with cold cuts of meat served with hot vegetables - e.g  the usual Boxing Day repast. Some ppl also liked to add a dollop to their biscuits and cheese -  if taken as a third course.

It’s basically quite a sweet-tasting apple chutney with a pervasive tang of root ginger.

The recipe that I found is written in my mother’s hand, but I strongly suspect that she herself copied it out from an older recipe written by one of her own paternal aunts who was an excellent cook. Quite where she originally got it from is anyone’s guess. At least one of my distant relatives on that side of the family was a clipper captain who sailed the world in the second half of the 19th century - so the recipe could well have come  from the Raj.

Not long ago I mentioned an old family recipe for “Kashmir Chutney” in a thread about ‘The Third Condiment Mystery’ (Chemistry - 5 June 2025). During the Xmas holiday season, I decided hunt out and check that recipe from a box of ancient family papers in my brother’s possession.

To my considerable surprise, the hand-written recipe I unearthed was clearly titled “Cashmere Chutney”.  I had always been under the impression that this condiment was called “Kashmir Chutney” and that Cashmere was a type of Himalayan goats wool normally used for making sweaters and shawls !

The explanation seems to be that Cashmere was once the normal anglicization for the Himalayan areas now known as Kashmir and Ladakh from the 17th century up until the beginning of the 19th. In the Napoleonic period however, shawls and garments made from a fine wool known as pashm in that area became fashionable imports into Europe. Within a few decades, the name ‘Cashmere’ had become firmly attached to these woollen products, and an alternate Sanscrit based word ‘Kashmir’ was being used to refer to the general geographical area.

The decisive change came in 1872 when the British Raj in India decided to adopt a new grapheme-based system for transliterating Indian place names. It was called the Hunterian system, and was perfected by Wiliam Wilson Hunter, the Director General of Statistics in India. Thereafter ‘Kashmir’ became the official geographical name used in all government documents and maps - which provides a useful dating clue as to when our family’s chutney recipe was first written down.

https://grokipedia.com/page/Hunterian_transliteration

For anyone who is curious, the recipe for “Cashmere Chutney’” is as follows:

Cashmere Chutney                      

1lb Cooking Apples                          1lb Demerara Sugar

1/2lb Raisins---------------------- 1/4lb Sultanas

1 Onion only -------------------- 3 Ripe Tomatoes (med size)

1oz Salt                                            2 oz Root Ginger preserved

1/2 Dessertspoon Mustard             1 Lemon Fruit & Rind

3/4 pt Vinegar                                 1/4 oz Red pepper

Method

Put all ‘ingredients’ through mincer and boil for half an hour (N.B. except Ginger which is bruised & tied in a muslin bag & boiled with rest.)

This seems to be a linguistic rabbit-hole of unexpectedly large dimensions.

The name Toronto is said to be derived from a Mohawk word tkaraonto documented as far back as 1615 which referred to sapling trees planted by the native Huron as a fish weir in a river area between two lakes. So right from the start, a letter  ‘K’ has been lost overboard in the passage of time.

Canada is officially a bilingual country, and it would appear that Francophone speakers (both mono and bi-lingual) usually enunciate both the T letters in ‘Toronto’ quite clearly. Whereas monoglot speakers of American English are prone to slur a medial ’T’ into  what is known as alveolar  ‘tap’  or flap sound -  written as  ⟨ɾ⟩ in the IPA  - or even into a glottal stop  IPA ⟨ʔ⟩ in some cases.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_taps_and_flaps

Some natives from the downtown area of Toronto apparently like to rhyme ’Toronto’ with ‘piranha’ - there is a joke that you can tell how close you are to the downtown by the frequency with which you hear this :-)

I found myself embroiled in an unexpectedly lively argument the other night with an online friend over the native pronunciation of Toronto.

Quite a few sources, including this professional dialogue coach, assert that native Canadian speakers often elide the second ’T’ and pronounce the city’s name as “Tuh-RAHn(t)-o”.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ERCujbX8aqE&t=295s

My online friend who has lived there for most of their life however insists that this is complete fiction, and they became quite irate when I referred to online sources on the subject  - apparently I  was peddling “AI Slop” in their view. (I live in UK and have never visted Toronto)

Linguistic sources suggest that Canadians quite frequently elide a ’T’ if it follows a stressed syllable - e.g. ‘Internet’ becomes ‘In-ner(t)-net’.

Are there any native Canucks from Toronto who would care to offer an opinion ?

19 hours ago, MigL said:

British milk chocolate ?
Never heard anyone say good things about any British foods.

Maybe Swiss, Belgian, German or Italian chocolate.
Even the Polish chocolate from the Deli next door is great.

But what do I know; I only like dark chocolate.

The taste of chocolate bars varies considerably according to the manufacturing process used to create them. In Europe cocoa beans were orginally mainly roasted and ground into a powder used to make  a rather bitter hot drink - not dissimilar to the use of roasted coffee beans.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocolate_bar

The development of ‘Eating Chocolate’ arose from a new process first developed by a Dutch chemist in 1828 that separated cocoa butter from the shell of the bean and neutralised the bitter taste with alkali salts. It was a British confectioner Joseph Fry here in Bristol UK who had the idea of recombining this extracted ‘butter’ with the ground chocolate powder and extra sugar to create a smooth and stable eating ‘tablet’ of chocolate around 1847.

British chocolate must contain at least  20% of cocoa solids by law, whereas American chocolate need only contain 10% -  hence the waxier taste found in Hershey bars - they contain higher levels of cocoa butter and vegetable oil.

Milk chocolate was invented in Switzerland around 1875 by adding condensed milk into the cocoa powder and butter mix as well.

Dark chocolate commonly contains around  70% cocoa solids.

2 hours ago, swansont said:

A taxi cab. (badoom tshhh)

It was an international symposium on frequency standards and metrology, which are held every ~7 years.

Come to think of it, there was a whisky tasting event as part of it, though I was very jet-lagged so I didn’t attend. I did sample some at the bar in the dormitory a few nights later.

A few years ago a senior journalist on our local evening paper told me a story of how he and a coach-load of other journalists were taken off on a complimentary tour of famous Scottish whisky distilleries. The schedule involved visiting eight such distilleries and sampling the product at each one - he subsequently had no lucid memory of anything that occurred after arriving at the fourth one.

4 hours ago, MigL said:

I was told, by a Scottish friend, that Cardhu is made in a distillery where only women work, but Wikipedia doesn't mention it, so I'm questioning that information.

Cardhu distillery - Wikipedia

Cardhu whose name comes from the Scottish Gaelic Carn Dubh - ‘Black Rock’ is a Speyside distillery that was first set up  around 1824 and run by two women: Helen Cumming and her daughter-in-law Elizabeth Cumming - making it the first distillery officially pioneered and managed by women in Scotland.

Helen Cumming was the wife of a whisky smuggler called John Cumming, and the distillery was originally an illegal farmhouse operation located near the top of Mannoch hill near Archiestown.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardhu_distillery

"It was mainly run by Helen Cumming who used to sell bottles of whisky to passers-by through the window of their farmhouse. Due to the hill the farm distillery was on, Helen could see the police coming and would throw flour on herself and say that she was baking bread to disguise the smell. She would then offer them tea and fly a flag outside so that the other nearby distilleries could see and take prompt action."

Whisky and whiskey are both variant anglicisations of the Scottish Gaelic expression uisge beatha  which means ‘Water of Life’ - probably a calque of the Latin phrase aqua vitae. Whisky is the favoured spelling in Britain and Europe, while whiskey is the common spelling in Ireland and the USA.

Laphroaig is from the Gaelic Lag Bhròdhaig meaning the ‘the hollow by the broad bay’ - a reference to the geographical location of the distillery on the Hebridean island of  Islay.

According to a BBC news report last week, Jim Beam the maker of bourbon whiskey will shortly halt production at its main site in Kentucky for the whole of next year.

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cy5gv5z24n2o

A major reason  for this shutdown is the trade war started by president Trump in April 2025 which has provoked punitive retaliatory tariffs, and a Canadian consumer boycott which has led to a catastrophic 85% fall in US bourbon exports to that country.

5 hours ago, Externet said:

Good day all. I would like your opinion. If deserves moving to engineering, thank you.

This vertical shaft air compressor oil pan has a level sight, and a fill plug. Shows full level of the new and proper lubricant oil. Starting the compressor, the sight shows no oil presence. No oil shown at the sight while running.
Stopping the compressor, the oil takes like 30 minutes! to show at the sight. But if when stops, the fill plug is removed; oil immediately fills the pan and shows at the sight.

Asking 'experts', say "never noticed/check the sight when running" and... "if shows full oil when stopped, run it and forget it"

But how to know if the oil pump suction tube is below oil surface and absorbing oil at the bottom of the pan ? Paranoia is killing me.

I suspect the crankshaft upper chamber is creating some vacuum; or the pan is creating some pressure that with the help of the dividing mesh, oil does not flow down freely. There is no venting devices nor any debris.

There is 2 'chambers' : the crankshaft above and the oil pan below, divided by a fine mesh shown below. Oil is pumped centrally up to the crankshaft chamber and does not flow back to the pan trough the fine mesh in the second image. Stays on top of the mesh while running 😳.

What is going on ? I do not want to damage it. Thank you.

I was a film projectionist responsible for a pair of 35mm projectors for many years. One of the critical lubrication points of a projection mechanism is the crossbox which houses the maltese-cross intermittent gear that provides the stop-start motion that draws film through the projection gate. You never start a projector up without first checking the oil level in a transparent glass on the side of the crossbox just below the filler plug - the oil level should always be halfway up the glass.

But this visual check can only be done when the projection mechanism is at rest. The moment you start the motor, the oil level becomes chaotic and unreadable. When you stop the projector, you have to wait several minutes for the oil to drain back into the reservoir before you can obtain any useful reading of the level in the crossbox. This sounds rather similar to the effect you describe. Basically it’s quite normal  - (in projectors at least).

10 hours ago, swansont said:

Seems to me this has happened before. They put down a new layer with the blackout, which is how it works with physical documents but not digital ones.

There was also some conjecture that some of it was done on purpose by agents who weren’t keen on participating in the coverup.

It would appear that whoever tried to redact these files was a novice Adobe Acrobat user. In many cases all you have to do is put your cursor inside a document window, hit ‘Select All’, ‘Copy All’ and then ‘Paste’ into a blank document in another text editor with a different colour background. (On a Mac that’s —>  ⌘A, ⌘C, ⌘V).

In other cases you may need to import the target into an OCR (optical character recognition) tool - start with Google Images at https://images.google.com and click the ‘Search by Image’ camera icon, then drag the file to a drop box box that opens - and click ‘Select Text’ and ‘Copy’ options.

The term used in political science for this type of Trumpian regime is a ‘Kakistocracy’ (Greek κάκιστος - kράτος)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kakistocracy

“Government by  the worst,  least qualified, or most unscrupulous people”.

The Screen !

RIP Tom Stoppard

On 11/27/2025 at 3:24 PM, TheVat said:

TIL why the Who song is called Baba O'Riley. Released October 1971, so it only took me 54 years to make the connection to the father of minimalist composition, Terry Riley. Once you hear A Rainbow in Curved Air, you realize the Who hommage in their most misreferenced song ( I've even heard a DJ misname the track as "Teenage Wasteland.")

'Baba' I believe comes from Meher Baba (1894-1969), the name of an Indian Parsee guru whose teachings Peter Townshend was following at the time.

4 hours ago, dimreepr said:

It's like deciding to be a vegan, despite cheese...

You presumably don't realise that there is such a thing as Vegan Cheese either - said to be quite tasty too.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegan_cheese

Why don't you go and eat a horse ? - your blood sugar seems to be on the blink atm.

Or are you perhaps using the expression ‘quantum clock’ as a metonym for all objective scientific methods of measuring and quantifying time  - in which case why not say so ?

I would refer you to the Sleep Foundation article I quoted from earlier which says:

"In most adults and adolescents, this master clock operates on a cycle that’s slightly longer than 24 hours. In order to maintain alignment with the 24-hour rotation of the planet, the master clock must adjust by about 12 to 18 minutes every day. For this reason, it times circadian rhythms according to environmental cues known as “zeitgebers,” German for “timekeepers.”

Biological clocks and zeitgeber cues are both involved - there is no either/or here - both are relevant.

The point of mentioning biphasic sleep patterns was to answer a humorous aside made by TheVat about typical patterns  of sleep duration, by pointing out that monophasic sleep appears to be a relatively modern cultural adaptation.

2 hours ago, dimreepr said:

I'm not being dismissive of our biological clock, I'm suggesting it doesn't quiet match our quantum clock...

What exactly is a  ‘quantum clock’ in this context, and which part of the humen anatomy do you think it resides in ?

I’’m wondering if you even realise that quantum clocks have to be laser cooled to near absolute zero in order to function ? Which part of the brain or human nervous system do you think functions at just above 0° Kelvin ?

12 hours ago, TheVat said:

Where are these homes with people sleeping 8-10 hours that you speak of? Do such homes offer adoption programs? Are these residents like baby angels raised by puppies in a beachfront palace with no right angles?

Light teasing aside, it seems like routines make considerable difference in the overnight fasting period. Breakfast, as a zeitgeber, seems malleable. Though most people who try shifting to a brunch, moving the fast from twelve hours to sixteen, say, will hit a fairly hard wall at some point. While I benefit from my 16 hour hiatus, it didn't come easily, and I really need to find some food by 10-11 am.

Infants need 11 to 17 hours of sleep per 24 hours, toddlers require 10 to 13 hours of sleep per day, and teenagers usually need 8 to 10 hours of sleep per night according to sleep research studies. It’s only older adults who commonly require 7 hours or less of sleep each night.

https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/expert-answers/how-many-hours-of-sleep-are-enough/faq-20057898

What is really interesting however is that well up until the 18th century, many western people used to follow a biphasic pattern of sleep. Quite a number of written sources indicate that people often followed a pattern of “two sleeps” involving a night divided into two halves with a period of social activity in between.

https://www.bbc.co.uk/future/article/20220107-the-lost-medieval-habit-of-biphasic-sleep

People would take their ‘first sleep’ between 21:00 and 23:00, be active and be awake from 23:00 to 01:00 - a period of time also known as a ‘watch' (echoing the naval term  “middle watch’’), before taking a ‘second sleep’ that ended at dawn.

There is much discussion as to how and why people shifted over to a monophasic pattern of sleep from the early 19th century onwards. Industrial shift working, artificial illumination at home which encouraged people to stay up later by shifting the circadian sleep cues, and the invention of the alarm clock in 1787 have all been cited.